Former President Chun Doo-hwan is regarded as a president with many negligence.
The former president has been criticized for suppressing democracy and human rights by ruling with an iron fist after taking power in a military coup d’état on December 12, 1979 after the death of former President Park Chung-hee.
Upon the death of former President Park on October 26, 1979, former Acting President Choi Kyu-ha launched the ‘Choi Kyu-ha Transitional Government’. Acting Chief Choi declared martial law nationwide and appointed Army Chief of Staff Jeong Seung-hwa as the martial law commander.
However, on December 12 of that year, the former president, who was the head of the Joint Investigation Headquarters and the security commander of the martial law at the time, mobilized the new military to arrest Commander Jeong without the consent of acting authority Choi and launched a coup d’état that took over the Ministry of National Defense and the military headquarters. After becoming the permanent chairman of the Emergency Response Committee, he took the steps to come to power. With the arrival of ‘Seoul Spring’ in 1980, the people’s aspirations for democratization erupted. However, on May 18 of that year, the new military government expanded martial law to arrest or imprison key politicians such as Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam. Parliament was also closed. In particular, when the democratization movement against the military coup took place in Gwangju, the military was mobilized to savagely suppress the citizen protesters. This is the May 18th Gwangju Democratization Movement.
He was inaugurated as the 11th president in the ‘Gymnasium Election’ held in the main election by organizing the National Assembly for Unification in August and mobilizing the electoral college. In January 1981, he founded the Democratic Justice Party and became president. He was elected as the 12th president according to the revised constitution in February and served for seven years.
When he came to power, he violated democracy and human rights through a full-fledged iron fist rule. The Samcheong Education Center, established to eradicate social evil, detained innocent ordinary people and suppressed human rights. Media organizations such as Dong-A Broadcasting were forcibly consolidated and abolished because of the opposition’s tendency to suppress the media.
The Chun Doo-hwan regime also oppressed human rights by manipulating university students and others as a mercenary force. In September 1981, the public security authorities found 22 students, teachers, and office workers at a social science reading group in Busan because they had learned exotic expressions such as ‘a small ball shot by a dwarf’ and ‘What is history’, which were defined as unconscionable books at the time. Arrested, illegally detained, threatened and tortured without a warrant. It was the largest dragon-and-air manipulation incident in the history of the Busan region.
In July of the same year, following the ‘Hakrim Incident’, a robbery manipulation case in which students from athletics in Seoul had their first meeting at the Hakrim Coffee Room, and the incident broke out in Busan, the ‘Hakrim in Busan’ It was named ‘Burim Incident’ from the meaning of ‘incident’.
The Burim incident is known as a representative dragon and air manipulation incident by the new military after the May 18 Democratization Movement. Of the 22 arrested at the time, 19 were each sentenced to 1 year and 6 months to 6 years in prison for violating the National Security Act, the Martial Law, and the Assembly and Demonstration Act (Gypsy Act). Former President Roh Moo-hyun, who was a lawyer at the time, served as a defense attorney with Kim Kwang-il, Lee Heung-rok, and Lee Don-myung.
The Chun Doo-hwan administration took the lead in cracking down on labor unions. A typical example is the Cheonggye Cloth Labor Union. In the early 1980s, the Cheonggye Undressed Union was forcibly disbanded after the union officials were ‘cleaned up’ by the new military government led by Chun Doo-hwan. However, the union, which continued to engage in union activities outside of the law, fought in solidarity with workers, including a memorial event for Jeon Tae-il and an alliance strike against the oppression of the Daewoo Apparel union in Guro Industrial Complex against the oppression of the military government.
Since his inauguration, he has set the four major indicators of government policy: inculturation of democracy, construction of a welfare society, realization of a just society, and educational innovation and cultural development. Accordingly, the government promoted the adoption of a single presidential system that limits the tenure of office, expanding the scope of medical insurance and industrial accident insurance coverage, expanding professional sports, and hosting the 1986 Asian Games in Seoul and the Seoul Summer Olympics in 1988. This is regarded as the achievement of the Chun Doo-hwan government.
[Seoul = Newsis]
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