The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland that surrounds the lower cartilage of the uvula on the left and right, and secretes thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormone plays an important role in maintaining body temperature and maintaining the balance of the body’s metabolism. When the thyroid gland secretes more of this hormone than it needs, it is called hyperthyroidism, and when it secretes less than needed, it is called hypothyroidism. The following is a diet that patients with all diseases should follow.
ThyroidㅣSource: Getty Image Bank
hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism means that the body’s metabolism speeds up due to the excessive secretion of thyroid hormone. There may be differences depending on the severity of the disease and the individual, but typical symptoms are as follows.
1. Food tastes great, but I’m losing weight (I’ve lost more than 5kg in the last few months)
2. Your pulse is more than 90 beats per minute even when you are resting
3. I can’t stand the heat more than others and I sweat a lot
4. Your hands have been shaking lately
5. There was a time when I was paralyzed and unable to move, but I was sober at that time.
In the case of hyperthyroid patients, weight loss and muscle loss occur due to increased metabolism, so it is necessary to eat enough calories and protein. Even if your appetite decreases, you need to make an effort to supply nutrients regularly by eating small meals or frequent snacks. It is also a good way to consume nutritious drinks when the amount of food is small. Excessive sweating and diarrhea can cause dehydration. Therefore, it is recommended to drink 3-4 liters of water a day.
Patients with long-term antihypertensive disease are most likely to suffer from osteoporosis. This is because excessive secretion of thyroid hormone leads to significant bone resorption and a decrease in bone density. At this time, it is good to eat dairy products such as cheese and milk, which are rich in protein, vitamin D, and calcium.
It is best to avoid foods that are high in fat and difficult to digest. In addition, if blood sugar is not controlled, limit the intake of simple sugars. There are no particular foods to avoid, but try to avoid excessive intake of iodine, which is abundant in seaweed and shellfish. Because iodine is a source of thyroid hormones. In particular, in the case of radioactive iodine treatment, a low iodine diet should be implemented which strictly limits iodine intake two weeks before the start of the treatment.
ÏodinㅣSource: Getty Image Bank
hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism means that the body’s metabolism is not smooth due to lack of thyroid hormone. Typical symptoms of hypothyroidism include:
1. Tired and lethargic
2. You get cold more than others
3. I have no appetite, but I’m still gaining weight (I gained more than 5kg in the last few months)
4. Your neck has come out very recently
In the case of patients with hypothyroidism, symptoms such as weight gain, constipation, high blood cholesterol, and iron deficiency anemia may be associated with a reduction in metabolism. Gastrointestinal motility is reduced, making it easy to cause constipation, so you should drink plenty of water along with high fiber meals such as vegetables, fruit, seaweed, and whole grains. If iron deficiency anemia appears, foods high in iron, such as liver, oysters, fish, meat and egg yolks, are helpful. However, most of these foods are also high in cholesterol. Hypothyroidism patients can easily increase blood cholesterol levels, so it is recommended to limit these foods to about once a week and add nutrients to iron components.
As mentioned earlier, iodine is a raw material for thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is caused by a lack of thyroid hormone, so it is good to take enough iodine. However, it is not good to consume more iodine than necessary. Instead, excessive iodine intake can reduce the production and secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland. The recommended daily intake of iodine for adults is 150 µg.
If you are taking thyroid hormone medications, you should be careful about your gluten intake. Gluten affects the small intestine and interferes with the absorption of drugs into the body.
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