“HIV (HIV)” is a type of virus This causes the destruction of the body’s immune system. The word HIV is an abbreviation for the first letter of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
part “AIDS” This is the final stage of HIV infection. The patient is often immunized, the CDC level in the blood is less than 200 cells per cubic milliliter. At this stage, infected people often have opportunistic complications.
“HIV” It was first discovered in 1982 in California, USA, with MSM infected with pneumonia and enlarged lymph nodes. Therefore, the infection was detected until a new virus similar to the SIV virus was discovered in the monkeys. Therefore, it is assumed that it could have come from monkeys.
HIV can be transmitted in three main ways: sexually. sharing needles or receiving infected blood/organs and mother to child contact
The stage of infection is divided into 4 stages: acute stage asymptomatic stage symptomatic stage and AIDS stage
Signs and symptoms
• acute phase There are often flu-like symptoms, namely fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, and body aches. In many cases, lymph nodes are found, especially in the neck area. Some people may have a rash and joint pain.
• Asymptomatic period Usually no symptoms
• duration of symptoms He may notice a rash on the tongue, shingles, frequent lung infections, fatigue, eating less, weight loss, or a mental system that is not as fast as before, etc. Most of the time, 90 percent will be in the period of 1-8 Some cases may be shorter or longer.
• stage of AIDS Often there are symptoms of complications such as shortness of breath, chronic fever, chronic watery diarrhoea. spots or rash, difficulty swallowing, headache, confusion, loss of consciousness, etc.
diagnosis
Doctors can diagnose mainly from blood tests. saliva test and home self-examination can perform preliminary screening But still have to confirm the results in hospital again
Treating all stages of HIV infection including the AIDS stage This can be done by taking anti-HIV drugs along with treating complications. and other opportunistic diseases by having to take medicine regularly come to check and follow up regularly And prevent new infections from coming in If you are taking the drug and have abnormal symptoms, you should consult a doctor, you should not stop to take the drug or lack of treatment. Some people may have psychological and social problems. can consult a specialist and find a source of money or social support to ensure holistic care for patients as well
protect which is as follows
1. Wear standard condoms If you have sex with a person who is at risk or of unknown status
2. Prevent mother-to-child transmission by having an HIV test for pregnant women and their spouses or if you have an original infection to take medication regularly standard birth And ask the doctor to assess whether the child has an infection or not. and stop breastfeeding and switch to formula milk because there can be an infection in the milk
3. Prevent work accidents By using correct working techniques such as not putting the needle back in the sheath. Dispose of it in an infectious waste box. including wearing appropriate self-defense equipment
4. Prevention with medication
a If touched with blood or secretions that are at risk of getting HIV Take a drug to prevent exposure, called PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis).
b If there is a risk of getting HIV, eg or having sex with someone who knows their status Pre-exposure prophylaxis called PrEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) can also be taken.
There are two ways to take PrEP to prevent infection before exposure to HIV: continuous and intermittent daily medication. Also known as on demand, when there is a risk to eat
Before Taking PrEP
HIV tests should be carried out to ensure they are not already infected Kidney tests to check for syphilis. and hepatitis B virus
Take a PrEP pill every day
Several studies support the 2-1-1 schedule to be effective in MSM patients. or both sexes If you have anal sex
This means taking 2 pills 2-24 hours before sex.
then take 1 tablet 24 hours after the first dose
Then take 1 tablet 24 hours after the second dose.
However, information about taking medicines that you don’t have to eat today There is not enough data on women. or men who have sex with transgender women and drug users Therefore, in this group, it is recommended to continue taking the drug every day first.
source of information
A lecture. Rapeepan Rattanawongnara, MD Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University
