The issue of permanent members who have made the Security Council dysfunctional, finally to the top
United Nations Security Council held in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine (March 18, Photo: AP / Afro)
The United Nations should hold an “Emergency Special Session (ESS)” under the “Rally for Peace” resolution and adopt military coercion measures, including the dispatch of peacekeeping forces.
On March 2, the UN General Assembly held an “Emergency Special Session (ESS)” following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and passed a resolution calling on Russia to immediately suspend military operations in 141 countries. It was adopted by the overwhelming majority.
Of the 193 UN member states, only five, Belarus, North Korea, Eritrea, Russia and Syria, voted against it, with 35 abstaining.
It was jointly proposed by more than 90 countries, including Japan, and although the resolution is not legally binding, it “immediately, completely and unconditionally, all troops from the internationally recognized Ukrainian territory” to Russia. To withdraw. “
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres told Russia, “The message of the UN General Assembly is strong and clear. Stop fighting in Ukraine now. Quiet the gunshots now. Open the door to dialogue and diplomacy now.” I called.
The United States and Albania proposed holding an ESS after the Security Council resolution calling for the immediate withdrawal of Russian troops was rejected by Russia’s veto on February 25.
The Security Council voted on the 27th. A total of 11 countries, including the United States and Europe, agreed, Russia opposed, and China, India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) abstained.
With more than nine countries in favor of the ESS request, the Security Council requested the Secretary-General to hold the ESS. ESS has been held since February 28th.
This ESS is based on the “Uniting for peace” resolution (General Assembly resolution 377A) adopted by the General Assembly on November 3, 1950.
The veto system was introduced to make the collective security system effective.
However, with the start of the Cold War, the right to veto was overwhelmed, and rather the harmful effect of exercising the right to veto for the national interest of the permanent members became conspicuous, and the initially envisioned collective security system did not fully function. rice field.
Therefore, several methods have been devised to prevent the abuse of veto rights. One of them is this “Rally for Peace” resolution. This resolution is
(1) When the Security Council is hindered by the right of veto, the forum for deliberation is moved to the general meeting.
(2) It enables the General Assembly to take over the functions that the Security Council should perform for the maintenance of international peace and security, such as being able to recommend collective measures by a majority of two-thirds of the General Assembly.
In this ESS, it was “requesting an immediate suspension of military actions”, but the United Nations requested economic sanctions and financial sanctions from the request for provisional measures (Article 40 of the Charter) to prevent the situation from worsening, such as a recommendation to stop the war. Application of non-military compulsory measures such as (Article 41 of the Charter), application of military compulsory measures such as naval blockade (Article 42 of the Charter), organization of UN forces and sanctions (Article 43 of the Charter) You can take action.
If Russia uses weapons of mass destruction, the United Nations will hold an ESS under the “Uniting for peace” resolution (Resolution 377A), including the dispatch of peacekeeping forces. The author hopes to adopt the compulsory measures.
It first describes the trajectory of the creation of the United Nations, then attempts to prevent abuse of veto rights, then the “Rallying for Peace” resolution, and finally the reform of the UN Security Council.
