We can usually protect our skin from the sun by using sunscreen. Of course, it protects up to 98% of the body, but many people can skip 2% such as the eyes that could be damaged by sunlight. Therefore, nature protects the eye by wrapping it with the bone of the eye socket, with eyelashes, eyebrows and eyelashes as another layer of protection. In addition, narrowing of the pupils Closing or squinting is another mechanism that naturally protects the eyes when stimulated by light but not by UV radiation.
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So even on a day without bright sunlight the body is still exposed to a large amount of UV rays. As a result, the effectiveness of the eye protection mechanism is also limited. Sunlight contains ultraviolet radiation. (Ultraviolet), or called for short UV rays that cannot be seen by the naked eye can be divided into 3 types:
- UV C (UV C rays, 100 – 280 nm) These are the highest energy UV rays and can cause the most damage to the skin and eyes.
- UVB rays (UV B rays, 280 – 320 nm) It is less energetic than UV C, partially filtered by the ozone layer. Some of the radiation that passes through the earth in small amounts will stimulate the production of melanin pigment (Melanin), making the skin color darker. Large amounts of radiation will cause skin burns. Dark spots, wrinkles and increasing the chance of skin cancer.
- UVA rays (UV A rays, 320 – 400 nm) It is lower energy radiation than the first two types but can penetrate the cornea to the lens and retina. Exposure to high doses of this type of radiation can be associated with cataract development and some studies have shown that it may also affect the development of macular degeneration.
Symptoms of eyes exposed to too much sunlight
- dry eyes
- Burning, itchy eyes
- momentary amblyopia
Eyes and the dangers of sunlight
- eyelid Skin color changes, dark spots, wrinkles around the eyes There are also reports of some types of cancer occurring in the eyelids This may be due to continuous exposure to sunlight for a long time.
- conjunctiva There is a degeneration of the conjunctiva in the area close to the edge of the black eye, called glaucoma, which is caused by inflammation from wind, dust, UV rays which could interfere with vision. or if there is inflammation it can cause pain and inflammation
- cornea acute inflammation of the cornea Causes a lot of eye pain, watery eyes, often appears about 2-3 hours after exposure to high levels of UV rays, such as reflection from snow or UV rays from welding without wearing protective glasses . The symptoms are usually temporary, lasting 1-2 days.
- eye lens cataract formation Although cataracts are caused by age-related degeneration. But it was found that exposure to UV rays. can cause more cataracts Every year, more than 16 million people worldwide become blind from cataracts. According to the World Health Organization, around 20% of cataracts can be caused by excessive UV exposure, which is an avoidable cause.
- Retina In young people, the clear lens of the eye cannot absorb all the UV rays. Therefore, there is a chance that UV rays will destroy the retina causing macular degeneration. Although our retina contains natural substances or pigments that protect the retina. But these substances decrease with age. This causes the natural retinal protection process to decrease and cause retinal degeneration more easily. when exposed to UV rays In addition, some studies believe that UV radiation may be associated with macular degeneration in the elderly.
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Protect your eyes from the sun.
- Wear tinted sunglasses with UV protection. The US Food and Drug Administration has set UV protection standards for sunglasses that must block at least 95% of UVA and at least 99% of UVB from the lens.
- The lens should be large and wide, able to cover the eyes from the sun from all angles.
- Use eye cream regularly.
Sunglasses in addition to UV protection. Good sunglasses should also have other features, including:
- Blue – Blocking Lenses Makes it easier to see distant objects, can block all blue light.
- Polarized Lenses Help break light, reduce scattered light such as sunlight reflected from the surface of snow or water.
- Photochromic Lenses The color intensity of the lens can be adjusted according to the amount of changing light.
- Polycarbonate lenses Help prevent bumps or accidents to the eyes.
- Mirror – Coated Lenses Reduces visible light
- Gradient Lenses There are 2 types: Single – Gradient Lenses which has a dark color on top and a light color below Help reduce scattered light and see more clearly. Suitable for another type of driving. Double – Gradient Lenses which will be dark on top and bottom light colored in the middle Suitable for water sports or winter sports.
Also, wear a hat with a wide brim Open an umbrella every time you go out in the sun. It will help to reduce the amount of UV light by up to 50 percent. It is important to avoid being in the sun for a long time, it will help to protect your skin and eyes from the hot sun which is like a hell workout.
Thanks for information from: Bangkok Hospital
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