Here’s a breakdown of the key information from the provided text, summarizing the research findings on ADHD and its genetic basis:
Key Findings:
* Genetic Links: researchers identified rare genetic variants in three genes – MAP1A, ANO8, and ANK2 - that are strongly linked to ADHD. These variants affect the “internal wiring” and “electrical communication” of neurons.
* Neuron Types Affected: The variants primarily impact neurons that use dopamine and GABA,neurotransmitters crucial for attention,impulse control,and motivation.
* Neurodevelopmental Condition: ADHD is confirmed as a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning the problems originate during brain formation in utero and persist throughout life.
* Biological Basis: The study reinforces that ADHD has a real, measurable biological cause in brain functioning, not just behavioral factors.
* Network Connection: The identified genes interact with others also involved in autism and schizophrenia, suggesting biological links between these psychiatric diagnoses.
* Impact of Variants: Carrying these genetic variants significantly increases the risk of ADHD (5-15x) and leads to more severe symptoms, including possibly lower IQ, fewer years of education, and challenges in career and income.
methodology:
The researchers combined information on:
- Genes mutated in people with ADHD.
- Where those genes function within the brain.
In essence, this research provides stronger evidence for the biological underpinnings of ADHD and identifies specific genetic factors contributing to the disorder. it also highlights the potential for understanding shared biological pathways across different neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions.
