Air Pollution in India: The Looming Lung Cancer Epidemic We Can’t Ignore

Air Pollution in India: The Looming Lung Cancer Epidemic We Can’t Ignore

November 26, 2024 Catherine Williams - Chief Editor Health

Air Quality Crisis in India: An Overview

On November 19, 22 out of 35 air quality monitoring stations in Delhi reported an air quality index (AQI) of 500, the highest possible reading. The actual pollution levels may be worse than reported.

Government Response

Two days prior, on November 17, the Commission for Air Quality Management announced strict measures to combat worsening air quality. These included restrictions on older diesel vehicles, a shift to online classes for schools, and the suspension of construction activities. Such emergency measures align with the Graded Response Action Plan, similar to actions taken last year.

Despite measures, on November 25, Delhi recorded a 24-hour AQI of 349, indicating “very poor” air quality. Nationwide, 89 out of 252 cities reported air pollution levels that could cause breathing discomfort.

Pollution Impact and Health Risks

As part of its National Clean Air Programme, India aims to reduce air pollution by 40% from 2017 levels by 2026. Studies show that pollution could reduce an average Indian’s lifespan by 3.6 years. Additionally, 148 of every 100,000 deaths in India are linked to air pollution.

Air pollution contains around 70 class-1 carcinogens. This contributes to the increasing incidence of lung cancer among non-smokers, particularly concerning given that no organ system is immune to its effects.

Vulnerable Populations

Certain groups are more susceptible to the harmful effects of air pollution, including:

  • Pregnant women
  • Children aged 0-14
  • Elderly individuals
  • Those with pre-existing health conditions

Health Effects of Air Pollution

Polluted air significantly harms various body systems, notably the lungs. Common respiratory issues include:

  • Breathing difficulties
  • Asthma
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Lung cancer

Additionally, air pollution can lead to cardiovascular problems, brain issues, diabetes, and reproductive health concerns. Prolonged exposure to high levels of PM 2.5 and ozone can exacerbate these health risks.

Pollutants and Their Effects

The air quality index (AQI) measures several pollutants, including PM 10, PM 2.5, and ozone. Prolonged exposure to elevated ozone levels, for example, can lead to serious chest problems and other health issues.

Addressing Air Pollution

To mitigate the severe effects of air pollution, immediate action is essential. Individuals can contribute by reducing actions that lead to pollution, such as unnecessary burning of waste. However, as air pollution becomes more severe, preventative measures are the most effective way to protect health.

Understanding the severe impact of air pollution is crucial. Without collective action, future generations may encounter even more severe health crises linked to pollution.