Android Stalkerware Detection: AV App Testing by EFF & AV Comparatives
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Anti-Virus Software largely Fails to Detect Stalkerware, EFF Test Finds
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Published November 7, 2025, at 00:09:23 PST
The electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) released findings on November 7, 2025, revealing that most popular anti-virus applications for Android devices continue to struggle with detecting stalkerware – commercially available software designed for covert surveillance. The tests, conducted in partnership with AV-Comparatives, highlight notable gaps in protection against these invasive applications.
the Problem of Stalkerware
Stalkerware apps are designed to be secretly installed on a person’s phone, allowing perpetrators to monitor their location, communications, and other personal data without their knowledge or consent. These apps are frequently used in domestic violence and abuse situations, enabling control and harassment. Eva Galperin of the EFF has long warned about the dangers of this growing threat.
The EFF has repeatedly urged anti-virus vendors to improve detection capabilities and explicitly identify stalkerware when found, providing users with clear warnings and removal options.
Testing Methodology and Results
The EFF partnered with AV-Comparatives to assess the performance of leading anti-virus products. AV-Comparatives previously conducted similar tests in 2020 and 2021, revealing initial shortcomings. The 2025 test expanded on this work, evaluating a wider range of stalkerware applications and anti-virus solutions.
The full results of the test (PDF) are available on the EFF website. While specific results vary, the overall findings indicate that many anti-virus products still fail to reliably detect and flag stalkerware.
Implications and Next Steps
The continued failure of anti-virus software to adequately address stalkerware presents a significant risk to individuals, notably those in abusive relationships. The lack of detection allows perpetrators to maintain covert surveillance, hindering victims’ ability to seek help and escape dangerous situations.
The EFF hopes that by exposing these vulnerabilities, they can encourage anti-virus companies to prioritize stalkerware detection and develop more effective solutions.This includes not only identifying the applications themselves but also providing clear and actionable details to users about the risks and