Conflict Overview

Renewed clashes between Thai and Cambodian forces erupted in December 2025, centered around disputed territory near the preah Vihear Temple.The conflict has resulted in significant displacement of civilians and a rising death toll. Cambodia responded to Thai military actions by closing all border crossings with Thailand on Saturday, December 13, 2025.

Recent Developments (December 13,2025)

On Saturday,December 13,2025,Thai fighter-bombers reportedly struck targets within Cambodia,including hotels and a bridge in Pursat Province. United Press international reported that two Thai F-16 fighter jets dropped seven bombs in pursat Province, damaging a bridge. This prompted Cambodian officials to close all border crossings to Thailand.

Thai officials reported that four of their soldiers had been killed in the fighting.The total number of Thai military deaths as Monday, December 9, 2025, has reached 15, with 270 wounded. Six civilians on the Thai side have also been injured.

Cambodian officials, as of Friday, December 12, 2025, reported 11 civilian deaths and 59 injuries due to the conflict. They have not yet released updated casualty figures for Saturday, December 13, 2025.

Civilian Impact and Displacement

The fighting has triggered a large-scale humanitarian crisis, forcing an estimated 700,000 civilians to evacuate their homes on both sides of the approximately 500-mile Thai-Cambodian border. This border stretches from laos in the east to the Gulf of Thailand in the west. the evacuation poses significant challenges for both governments in providing shelter, food, and medical assistance to displaced populations.

Historical Context and Disputed Territory

The current conflict stems from a long-standing territorial dispute surrounding the Preah Vihear Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site. UNESCO details the history and significance of the temple, which sits on a cliff overlooking the plains of Cambodia. The International Court of justice (ICJ) ruled in 1962 that the temple belonged to Cambodia, but the surrounding land remains a point of contention.

Previous clashes have occurred in 2008, 2010, and 2011, highlighting the fragility of the situation. These earlier conflicts also involved artillery exchanges and infantry battles, resulting in casualties on both sides. The current escalation represents a significant increase in intensity and scope.

Casualty Summary (as of December 13, 2025)