di Laura Cuppini

Un filone ‌di ricerca molto interessante è quello⁤ della riprogrammazione cellulare, nata dagli studi‍ del giapponese Yamanaka. Pochi giorni fa ⁢l’avvio del⁣ primo tentativo di⁤ inversione dell’invecchiamento in volontari ⁤umani

La longevità dipende per oltre il ⁣50% da fattori ereditari: ⁢lo studio

Torniamo all’eredità genetica: chi non ha antenati longevi ​deve⁢ rassegnarsi ‌a una vita «breve»?
«Il Dna non è destino. L’invecchiamento, ⁤con il correlato di malattie legate all’età, è come detto un ⁢fenomeno ‍regolato da diversi​ geni e dipendente‍ anche ⁣dall’ambiente: di conseguenza c’è un’estrema complessità ⁣e variabilità. Potremmo dire ⁢che la nostra eredità genetica è modulabile, perfino riscattabile.‍ Se i miei‍ genitori sono ⁣morti giovani,non‌ è detto che lo stesso accadrà ⁣a me. Quello che possiamo fare tutti è intervenire sullo stile ​di vita, ⁢che influisce sulla longevità tanto quanto l’eredità genetica,‌ come dimostra lo studio pubblicato su Science. Dobbiamo fare leva ‍sui fattori ambientali, modificabili, per incidere sul determinismo dei geni».

Si può stabilire⁣ quanto rapidamente ‍procede l’invecchiamento di una⁤ persona?
«Negli ⁢ultimi anni la ricerca si è concentrata su diversi orologi biologici, ‍una sorta di ‍meccanismi ‍interni di misurazione del tempo, descritti per la prima‌ volta dal genetista Steve‍ Horvath una quindicina di anni fa: ⁢lunghezza ⁢dei‌ telomeri, metilazione del Dna, Rna non codificante ⁢(molecole che svolgono ruoli cruciali nella regolazione dell’espressione genica). ⁢sono sperimentazioni, non hanno ancora una ricaduta ‍pratica al di‍ fuori dei laboratori».

Si trovano in vendita test del sangue o della saliva per misurare l’età biologica: sono affidabili?
«L’invecchiamento attrae interessi scientifici, ‍ma anche commerciali ⁢e su⁢ internet si⁢ trova​ d

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Sam Altman: A Profile of⁣ OpenAI’s CEO

Sam altman is an American ‌entrepreneur⁢ and investor best known as the CEO of OpenAI, the⁤ artificial⁣ intelligence research and ‍deployment company ‌responsible for models like GPT-3, DALL-E, and chatgpt. His career spans‌ venture capital, startup founding,‌ and now, leading one of⁤ the most influential AI companies⁣ globally. As‌ of ‌January ‍31, 2026, ⁢Altman remains CEO of OpenAI ⁢following ‍a brief period of upheaval in November 2023.

Early Life and Education

Sam ⁣Altman was born on​ March 22, 1985, in Chicago, Illinois.​ He grew⁤ up in st. ‍Louis, Missouri, and developed an early ⁤interest in computers.

Detail: Altman⁣ received‍ his formal education at Stanford University, where he studied‌ computer ​science.However,​ he⁢ famously dropped out in 2005 ‍to ⁢pursue his entrepreneurial ambitions, focusing⁢ on the ⁣startup ‌world.

Example: Altman’s ⁢early programming experience ‌included learning to⁤ code at age eight and disassembling a computer to⁣ understand⁣ its inner workings, demonstrating ‍a precocious ⁣aptitude for technology.

Loopt and Initial venture Capital Career

Founding Loopt

In ‍2005, Altman ⁢co-founded Loopt, a location-based social networking mobile ‌submission. Loopt was acquired by Foursquare in 2012 for $43.4⁢ million.

Detail: Loopt pioneered⁢ early concepts in ⁣mobile location sharing, predating widespread smartphone​ adoption ‍and the dominance of platforms​ like facebook and Instagram. The acquisition provided ⁤Altman wiht capital and experience for future ventures.

Example: ⁢ Loopt allowed⁢ users‌ to share ‍their location ⁤with friends, creating a rudimentary form of social check-in‍ before the term became commonplace.

Y Combinator

Altman joined‍ Y Combinator, a seed accelerator, as a part-time partner in 2011. He became the president of Y Combinator in 2014,‌ succeeding Paul Graham.

Detail: ⁤During ⁣his⁢ tenure at ​Y Combinator, Altman oversaw significant growth in the number of startups funded and the⁤ program’s overall influence⁣ in the tech​ industry. He championed initiatives ⁢like Y Combinator Continuity, a fund for​ follow-on investments in⁢ YC companies.

Example: Under ⁢Altman’s leadership, Y Combinator’s Demo day ⁢became a highly anticipated‍ event for venture⁣ capitalists seeking to invest in promising startups.

OpenAI: Leadership and Developments

Founding OpenAI

Altman co-founded⁣ OpenAI in December 2015 ⁣with⁢ Elon Musk, ilya Sutskever, Greg Brockman, Wojciech Zaremba, and John Schulman. OpenAI was initially established as a non-profit artificial intelligence research company ⁢with the goal of developing artificial general ‍intelligence (AGI)‌ in a safe ‌and ​beneficial manner.

Detail: The founding⁢ of OpenAI reflected growing concerns about the potential‌ risks of⁣ advanced AI‍ and a desire ⁢to ensure its development aligned ⁣with human values. Elon Musk⁢ later left the board in⁢ 2018, citing potential‌ conflicts of interest.

Example: OpenAI’s initial funding⁢ came from a $1 billion ⁣commitment from Musk, Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and others.

GPT Models and ⁢ChatGPT

Under Altman’s ⁤leadership, OpenAI released a ​series of increasingly powerful GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models, culminating in GPT-3 in ⁣2020 and GPT-4 in 2023. GPT-4 demonstrated significant advancements in natural language⁤ processing‌ and reasoning capabilities. The launch of ChatGPT in November ‌2022‍ brought AI to a wider audience.

Detail: ChatGPT, ⁣a conversational AI⁣ chatbot, quickly ⁢gained⁢ widespread popularity due to its ability to generate human-quality ⁣text, translate languages, write different kinds of creative ⁤content, and ⁤answer questions ⁣in an informative way.

Example: ChatGPT reached 100 million users in just two months, making it one of the ‍fastest-growing consumer ‌applications in ⁢history.

November 2023 Board Dispute and reinstatement

In November 2023, ⁢Altman ​was briefly removed as CEO by the⁤ OpenAI board of directors. The board cited a lack of candor in communications. However, following ‌significant pressure ‌from investors and ⁤employees, Altman was reinstated as CEO within days.

Detail: ‌The events of November 2023 highlighted tensions within OpenAI regarding the company’s direction, ⁣notably the ⁣balance‌ between its non-profit research mission⁤ and its commercial