CDC Issues Interim Travel Guidance for Zika Virus in 14 Countries and Territories Across Central and South America and the Caribbean

On January 15, 2016, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued an interim travel alert for 14 countries and territories in Central and South America and the Caribbean due to ongoing Zika virus transmission. The alert, classified as Level 2-Practice Enhanced Precautions, was released following reports in Brazil linking Zika virus infection during pregnancy to microcephaly and other poor pregnancy outcomes in infants.

The CDC advised pregnant women in any trimester to consider postponing travel to areas where Zika virus transmission is ongoing. For those who must travel, the agency recommended consulting a healthcare provider beforehand and strictly following steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip. Women trying to become pregnant were also advised to consult their healthcare provider before traveling to these areas and to take preventive measures against mosquito bites.

The countries and territories included in the alert were Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The CDC noted that specific areas with ongoing transmission are difficult to determine and may change over time, so the notice would be updated as new information became available.

Zika virus can be spread through mosquito bites and sexual contact. The CDC emphasized that even individuals without symptoms returning from areas with active transmission should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for three weeks after return to avoid spreading the virus to local mosquitoes, which could then transmit it to others.

The agency stated that additional studies were needed to further characterize the relationship between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes. More studies were planned to better understand the risks associated with Zika virus infection in pregnancy.

As of February 6, 2026, the CDC reported that there are currently no geographic areas with an active Zika Travel Health Notice. However, countries and territories with current or past Zika transmission are still considered at risk for virus transmission due to variations in surveillance practices that may delay detection and reporting of new outbreaks.

The CDC continues to recommend that travelers and people living abroad determine the Zika geographic risk classification for their location and review specific prevention recommendations based on that risk category. Prevention strategies include using Environmental Protection Agency-registered insect repellents, wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants, staying in places with air conditioning or window and door screens, and removing standing water where mosquitoes can breed.

For individuals who are pregnant or planning pregnancy, the CDC advises discussing potential Zika virus exposure risks with a healthcare provider, including the possible health effects on a baby and available protective measures.