Older adults remain at significant risk of severe illness from COVID-19, and a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlights a concerning gap in access to potentially life-saving antiviral treatments. Published on , the data reveal that a relatively small percentage of individuals aged 65 and older received antiviral prescriptions during both periods of high and low COVID-19 incidence between , and .
The CDC report found that only 16% to 23% of outpatients 65 years and older with COVID-19 received an antiviral prescription during times when the virus was less prevalent. This number rose to 37% to 38% during periods of higher COVID-19 transmission. These findings underscore a persistent challenge in ensuring that those most vulnerable to severe outcomes have access to effective treatments.
The data also reveal disparities within the older adult population. Individuals aged 75 to 84, and those 85 and older, were more likely to receive an antiviral prescription compared to those aged 65 to 74. This suggests that age, and potentially associated health conditions, may influence a physician’s decision to prescribe antiviral medication.
Why Antivirals Matter for Older Adults
COVID-19 poses a disproportionate threat to older adults due to a combination of factors. As we age, our immune systems naturally weaken, a process known as immunosenescence, making it harder to fight off infections. Older individuals are also more likely to have underlying health conditions – such as heart disease, diabetes, and chronic lung disease – that increase their risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. According to the National Council on Aging, cumulative COVID-associated hospitalization rates were highest among adults age 75 or older, followed by those age 65-74, during the period from to .
Antiviral medications, when administered early in the course of infection, can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in high-risk individuals. These drugs work by interfering with the virus’s ability to replicate, lessening the severity of the illness. However, their effectiveness is greatest when started soon after symptoms begin, highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Barriers to Antiviral Access
The CDC report points to a need to improve both healthcare provider and patient awareness regarding the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination and antiviral treatments. Several factors may contribute to the low rates of antiviral use observed in the study. These include:
- Limited Awareness: Both patients and providers may not be fully aware of the availability and benefits of antiviral medications.
- Testing Access: Prompt diagnosis requires access to timely and accurate COVID-19 testing.
- Treatment Access: Even with a positive test, access to antiviral prescriptions can be hindered by logistical challenges, such as appointment availability and prescription fulfillment.
- Perceived Risk: Some individuals may underestimate their risk of severe illness, particularly if they are vaccinated, leading them to forgo treatment.
The CDC emphasizes that “COVID-19 vaccination and treatment can prevent severe COVID-19 among older adults.” Improving awareness and addressing these barriers are crucial steps in protecting this vulnerable population.
What This Means for Public Health
The findings from the CDC underscore the ongoing need for a multi-faceted approach to COVID-19 prevention and treatment. While vaccination remains the primary defense against severe illness, antiviral medications play a critical role in mitigating the impact of breakthrough infections, particularly among older adults.
Efforts to improve antiviral access should focus on:
- Education: Providing clear and accessible information to both healthcare providers and patients about the benefits of antiviral treatment.
- Streamlining Access: Reducing barriers to testing and treatment, such as expanding telehealth options and simplifying prescription processes.
- Targeted Outreach: Focusing outreach efforts on older adults and individuals with underlying health conditions.
As the virus continues to evolve, and new variants emerge, maintaining a robust public health response is essential. Ensuring that older adults have access to the tools they need to protect themselves – including vaccination and timely antiviral treatment – remains a top priority.
The CDC continues to monitor COVID-19 trends and provide updated guidance to healthcare professionals and the public. More information on COVID-19 treatment for outpatients can be found on the CDC website.
