CDC: Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Small Turtles in Young Kids 2024

Health officials are investigating a multistate outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to small turtles, prompting a renewed warning about the risks associated with keeping these reptiles as pets. As of August 16, 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had received reports of 51 illnesses in 21 states, with nearly half of those affected requiring hospitalization.

The Risk with Small Turtles

The current outbreak underscores a long-standing public health concern: turtles with shells less than 4 inches long can carry Salmonella bacteria, even if they appear healthy and clean. These germs can be found in their droppings, on their bodies and in the water of their tanks. Humans can become infected by touching a turtle or anything in its environment and then touching their mouth or food without washing their hands thoroughly.

A federal law already prohibits the sale and distribution of turtles with shells less than 4 inches long, a measure enacted due to repeated outbreaks of Salmonella infections. Despite this regulation, these smaller turtles continue to be sold illegally through online retailers, pet stores, flea markets, and roadside stands.

Who is Most Vulnerable?

While anyone can contract a Salmonella infection from a turtle, certain populations are at higher risk of developing severe illness. The CDC specifically advises against pet turtles for children younger than 5 years old, adults aged 65 and older, and individuals with weakened immune systems. In the current outbreak, a disproportionate number of cases have been identified in young children, with 17 cases occurring in children under 5 years of age and 10 in infants under 1 year old.

Symptoms and Treatment of Salmonella Infection

Most people infected with Salmonella experience symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps within 6 to 6 days of exposure. The illness typically lasts 4 to 7 days, and most individuals recover without specific medical treatment. However, in some cases, the infection can be severe enough to require hospitalization, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Protecting Yourself and Your Family

The CDC offers several recommendations to minimize the risk of Salmonella infection from turtles:

• Choose Wisely: Only purchase turtles with shells longer than 4 inches from reputable pet stores or rescues.
• Practice Good Hygiene: Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water immediately after touching a turtle, its tank, or anything in its environment. Supervise young children to ensure they wash their hands properly.
• Responsible Pet Ownership: If you can no longer care for a turtle, do not release it into the wild. Contact your local pet store or a reptile rescue organization for assistance.

Outbreak Details and Updates

As of August 16, 2024, 23 out of 48 people with reported illnesses had been hospitalized. No deaths have been reported. The outbreak involves two specific strains of Salmonella: Stanley and Poona. The investigation was initially started on August 16, 2024 and was closed as of October 3, 2024, with a total of 63 cases reported across 22 states. A previous outbreak linked to small turtles was also reported in August 2023.

Health officials emphasize the importance of vigilance and adherence to safe handling practices when interacting with turtles. Individuals with concerns about potential exposure or symptoms of Salmonella infection should contact their healthcare provider. State health departments can also provide information about cases within their jurisdiction.

The CDC continues to monitor the situation and will provide updates as more information becomes available. The agency reminds the public that responsible pet ownership and strict hygiene practices are crucial in preventing the spread of Salmonella and protecting public health.