Common Supplements That May Damage Your Liver

Research indicates that a significant number of adults in the United States are using botanical supplements that may be linked to liver toxicity. According to a study published in 2024 in JAMA Network Open, approximately 5 percent of U.S. Adults—roughly 15.6 million people—took potentially liver-damaging botanical supplements within the preceding month.

While many consumers view dietary and herbal supplements as harmless alternatives or additions to their health regimens, certain botanicals pose a higher risk of causing liver injury. The study found that middle-aged and older adults are among the groups most likely to use these specific supplements.

High-Risk Botanical Supplements

Data from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network identified six specific botanicals that are most likely to be associated with liver toxicity. These supplements are frequently marketed for a variety of health concerns, ranging from joint pain to heart health.

• Ashwagandha
• Black cohosh
• Garcinia cambogia
• Green tea extract
• Red yeast rice
• Turmeric/curcumin

The research suggests that herbal supplements, also known as botanicals, pose a greater risk for liver damage compared to other supplement categories, such as multivitamins or single-nutrient supplements like calcium, vitamin D, or omega-3s.

Demographics and Usage Patterns

Older populations are more likely to take these specific botanicals due to the health conditions they are intended to address. For example, turmeric and curcumin are often promoted to help manage arthritis and joint pain, a condition that affects approximately half of adults aged 65 and older.

Other supplements are targeted toward specific life stages or health goals. Black cohosh is commonly marketed to alleviate menopause symptoms, while red yeast rice is used by individuals seeking to lower cholesterol levels and improve overall heart health.

Dosage and Toxicity Concerns

The risk associated with these supplements often depends on the form and the dosage. In the case of turmeric, the spice used in cooking is generally regarded as safe. However, turmeric supplements can cause liver damage when taken at high dosages.

The potential for liver injury varies across different products, but the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network has singled out these six botanicals because of the strength of the data linking them to toxicity. In severe cases, the use of these popular supplements can lead to repercussions as serious as liver failure.