Currently, condoms are the only widely available, proven method for preventing pregnancy and reducing transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during sex. Condoms work. Condoms work best when you know some basic facts and understand how to use them. The facts on this page will help you have a better idea of how to use condoms correctly and protect your (and your partner’s) health.
External Condoms
External condoms are thin, stretchy pouches that go over the penis to prevent pregnancy and STIs. The concept of condoms dates back centuries, with early versions likely made from animal skins. Today, modern materials like latex, polyurethane, and silicone are used. These materials are designed to be thin enough to allow sensation while remaining strong enough to prevent the passage of sperm or disease-causing organisms. Condoms are readily accessible, easy to use, and relatively inexpensive, representing the only form of birth control that also offers protection against STIs.
Condoms Prevent Pregnancy
Condoms create a physical barrier that prevents sperm from entering the vagina during sexual intercourse. When used consistently – every time you have sex – and correctly, condoms are approximately 98% effective at preventing pregnancy. While condoms are straightforward to use, errors can occur. In real-world scenarios, the effectiveness rate drops to around 87% due to inconsistent or incorrect usage. A common issue is failing to put on a condom at the beginning of intercourse or removing it too soon. However, the most significant factor in condom failure is simply not using one at all.
To maximize pregnancy protection, a condom should be used every time you engage in sexual activity, applied before any sexual contact begins, and left in place until after ejaculation.
Condoms Can Prevent STIs
Condoms also provide a robust barrier against even the smallest STI pathogens. Research demonstrates that condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV transmission. They are also very effective in preventing STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea, which are spread through semen and vaginal/cervical secretions. The condom prevents the exchange of these bodily fluids between partners.
Condoms can also reduce the risk of contracting STIs like syphilis, herpes, and HPV that are spread through skin-to-skin contact. However, condoms cannot provide complete protection against these STIs, as sores or warts can occur in areas not covered by the condom, such as the scrotum or buttocks.
Despite these limitations, using a condom remains a crucial component of STI prevention. Studies suggest that most HPV infections in men are located in areas covered by a condom. Research also indicates that young women who consistently use condoms are less likely to contract HPV. Latex condom use can also lower an individual’s risk of developing HPV-associated diseases, such as cervical cancer.
All Condoms Are Tested
Condoms are classified as a Class II medical device, meaning they are manufactured to stringent FDA and industry standards. They undergo rigorous strength testing, including an electrical current test to ensure Notice no holes or defects.
Condoms are Easy to Use
While the FDA requires detailed instructions to be included with condoms, the actual process is quite simple. Check the expiration date, open the package, and unroll the condom onto an erect penis.
After intercourse, it’s important to carefully remove the condom while still erect to prevent leakage of semen. Because the condom will be less snug once the erection subsides, semen could potentially leak out. Discard the used condom and use a new one if you plan to have further sexual activity.
It’s that easy.
As of January 19, 2024, the CDC emphasizes that correct and consistent condom use can prevent the spread of STDs, including HIV, and also prevent pregnancy. Condoms and dental dams offer protection during sexual activity, but correct use is crucial to reduce, though not eliminate, the risk of disease.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that in 2020, there were 374 million new STI infections globally among adults aged 15-49, many of which could have been prevented with correct condom use. Condoms are safe, inexpensive, and widely available, and are the only contraceptive method that protects against both pregnancy and STIs.
