Eswatini-Madagascar Dispute: Rajoelina Visit Sparks Diplomatic Row

MBABANE – A diplomatic rift is widening between Madagascar and Eswatini after King Mswati III hosted ousted Malagasy President Andry Rajoelina last week, a move condemned by Madagascar’s military government as a violation of its sovereignty. The meeting, which took place on February 10, 2026, has sparked a formal protest from Col. Michael Randrianirina, the current military leader of Madagascar and raised questions about regional diplomacy within the Southern African Development Community (SADC).

According to a statement released by the Eswatini government, King Mswati III urged Madagascar’s military junta to restore constitutional order during the meeting with Rajoelina. Eswatini maintains the encounter was part of its role as a facilitator in regional diplomacy and not intended as interference in Madagascar’s internal affairs. However, Col. Randrianirina vehemently rejected this assertion, describing the visit as “politically unacceptable” and a “grave infringement” on Madagascar’s sovereignty.

The controversy stems from Rajoelina’s removal from power last October following weeks of youth-led protests over persistent shortages of power and water. The Malagasy army ultimately sided with the demonstrators, leading to Rajoelina’s ouster. At least 30 people were killed during the unrest in September and October 2025, according to the Malagasy military. This marked the first time Rajoelina has engaged in a diplomatic effort since fleeing Madagascar.

Adding another layer to the dispute, Madagascar’s military leadership claims Rajoelina voluntarily renounced his Malagasy nationality after acquiring another citizenship. They argue that any attempt by Rajoelina to represent himself as a legitimate representative of Madagascar is therefore “legally unfounded.” This claim casts doubt on the legitimacy of any diplomatic efforts Rajoelina might undertake, and further complicates the situation.

The timing of Rajoelina’s diplomatic push is significant. He recently met with King Mswati III in Eswatini at the weekend, briefing the Eswatini monarch – who serves as deputy chair of the SADC Organ on Defence, Politics and Security – in an attempt to garner support for his reinstatement. This suggests a broader strategy to leverage regional alliances and potentially regain his position.

Eswatini’s decision to host Rajoelina is particularly sensitive given the circumstances of his removal. The military government in Madagascar views the meeting as a direct challenge to its authority and an endorsement of Rajoelina’s claim to the presidency. The strong condemnation issued by Col. Randrianirina underscores the depth of the animosity and the potential for further escalation.

The situation also highlights the delicate balance of power within SADC. Eswatini, as a member state, has a right to engage in diplomatic efforts, but its actions must be carefully considered to avoid exacerbating regional tensions. The organization has a history of mediating political crises in member states, and its role in resolving the current impasse will be crucial.

While Eswatini insists the meeting was solely focused on regional diplomatic processes, Madagascar’s military government clearly perceives it as a direct intervention in its domestic affairs. The military’s statement warned that hosting the former president risked undermining ongoing efforts to stabilize the country and restore constitutional rule. This suggests a deep distrust of Eswatini’s motives and a determination to assert its authority.

The unfolding events raise questions about the future of Madagascar’s political landscape. The military government has yet to announce a timeline for a return to civilian rule, and the country remains deeply divided. Rajoelina’s efforts to rally regional support could prolong the crisis and further destabilize the Indian Ocean island nation. The international community will be watching closely to see how SADC responds and whether a peaceful resolution can be found.

King Mswati III’s office has stated that Rajoelina was not seeking asylum or political intervention, but the very act of hosting him sends a clear signal of support. This support, however, is likely to be viewed with suspicion by the military government in Madagascar, which sees Rajoelina as a destabilizing force. The situation remains fluid, and the potential for further diplomatic fallout is high.