Eye Movements as Biomarkers: CNS Drug Development

Okay, hereS a breakdown of the provided list of research articles, categorized by the neurodegenerative disease they primarily address, and with a brief note on the type of biomarker/assessment discussed. This will help organize the information.

I. Parkinson’s disease (PD)

* J, et al. (2019). MDS-UPDRS precision in early PD.(Clinical Rating Scale – assessing disease progression)

* Delenclos et al.(2016). Biomarkers in PD: Advances and strategies. (Review of various biomarkers)

* Brooks (2003). Neuroimaging as biomarkers in PD progression. (Neuroimaging – structural/functional brain scans)

* Hirczy et al.(2024). Wearable device use in PD. (Wearable Sensors – activity, movement data)

* Anderson & macaskill (2013). Eye movements in neurodegenerative disorders (includes PD). (Oculomotor – Eye Tracking)

* Pretegiani & Optican (2017). Eye movements in PD and related syndromes. (Oculomotor – Eye Tracking)

* Antoniades & Spering (2024). Eye movements in PD: mechanisms & diagnostics. (Oculomotor – Eye Tracking)

* shaikh & Ghasia (2019). Saccades in PD: characteristics. (Oculomotor – Eye Tracking – specifically saccadic eye movements)

* Rosset et al. Validation of oculometric software.(oculomotor – eye Tracking – methodology/tool validation)

II. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

* Genge et al. (2024). ALSFRS-R use in clinical trials. (Clinical Rating Scale – assessing disease progression)

* Irwin et al. (2024). Fluid biomarkers for ALS. (Fluid Biomarkers – CSF, blood based proteins/molecules)

* The et al. (2011). Eye movements in ALS and mimics. (Oculomotor – Eye Tracking)

III. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

* Blennow & Zetterberg (2018). Biomarkers for AD: current status. (Fluid Biomarkers – CSF, blood based proteins/molecules, amyloid/tau)

IV. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

* Harris et al. (2017). Biomarkers of MS: current findings. (Review of various biomarkers – imaging, fluid, etc.)

Key Observations & Themes:

* Multiple Biomarker Types: The articles cover a wide range of biomarker types: clinical rating scales, neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers (CSF/blood), wearable sensors, and oculomotor assessments (eye movements).
* Oculomotor Biomarkers are Prominent: Eye movements are investigated as potential biomarkers across multiple neurodegenerative diseases (PD,ALS). This suggests they may offer a relatively accessible and sensitive way to track disease progression.
* clinical Scales Remain Important: Standardized clinical rating scales (MDS-UPDRS, ALSFRS-R) are still crucial for assessing disease severity and tracking progression, but their limitations (precision, sensitivity to change) are also being investigated.
* Focus on Early Detection/Progression: Many articles focus on identifying biomarkers that can detect disease early or track progression more accurately than current methods.
* Recent Research: A notable number of the articles are from 2023 or 2024, indicating this is a very active area of research.

Let me know if you’d like me to elaborate on any specific article, biomarker type, or disease!