The Boeing 737 MAX, grounded worldwide in March 2019 following two fatal crashes, has undergone extensive software updates and safety reviews, and has largely returned to service, though scrutiny and occasional incidents continue as of January 22, 2026.
The Boeing 737 MAX Grounding
Table of Contents
The Boeing 737 MAX was grounded globally on March 13, 2019, after two crashes – Lion Air Flight 610 on October 29, 2018, and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 on March 10, 2019 – killed a total of 346 people. Investigations revealed a common link: a faulty Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) that pushed the aircraft’s nose down based on erroneous sensor readings.
The grounding triggered numerous investigations by aviation authorities worldwide, including the U.S.Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and led to significant financial losses for Boeing and its suppliers. Families of the victims filed lawsuits seeking damages.
The role of MCAS
MCAS was designed to automatically push the nose of the 737 MAX down in certain situations to prevent a stall, but it relied on a single angle of attack (AOA) sensor. When the sensor malfunctioned, MCAS could repeatedly activate, forcing the nose down and overwhelming pilots.
The NTSB’s report on the Ethiopian Airlines crash detailed the failures of MCAS and the lack of adequate pilot training on the system. The report highlighted that pilots were unaware of the system’s capabilities and how to counteract it.
Return to Service and ongoing Scrutiny (2020-2026)
Following extensive software updates,pilot training requirements,and reviews by international aviation regulators,the FAA lifted the grounding order on December 29,2020. However, the return to service was gradual and faced continued scrutiny.
The software updates included redesigning MCAS to use data from both AOA sensors, limiting its authority, and ensuring it doesn’t repeatedly activate. Pilots were also required to undergo new training,including simulator sessions,to learn about MCAS and how to respond to potential malfunctions.
Recent Quality Control Issues (2024-2026)
Despite the lifting of the grounding order, Boeing has faced ongoing quality control issues with the 737 MAX. In February 2024, the FAA announced an audit of Boeing’s 737 MAX production line following reports of improperly drilled holes and missing paperwork.Reuters reported on the FAA audit, citing concerns about manufacturing standards.
On January 5,2026,a door plug blew out on an Alaska Airlines 737 MAX 9 during flight,prompting the FAA to ground all 737 MAX 9 aircraft for inspection.NBC News covered the incident,detailing the immediate grounding and subsequent investigation. The FAA has as allowed the 737 MAX 9 to return to service after inspections and repairs.
as of January 22, 2026, the FAA continues to closely monitor boeing’s production processes and safety protocols. The agency has imposed stricter oversight and is requiring Boeing to develop a thorough plan to address the identified quality control issues.
