High-Fat Diet Rich in Oleic Acid Linked to⁣ Increased Obesity

‌ ‍ ⁤ ⁢Updated June 11,2025

A new⁣ study indicates that consuming a ⁤high-fat diet ‍abundant​ in oleic acid—a fatty acid prevalent ⁢in olive oil—could contribute more substantially to obesity than other dietary fats. ⁤The research, published​ in Cell Reports, sheds light on how ​specific fatty ⁤acids impact fat cell progress.

The study revealed that oleic acid promotes the creation of new fat cells by increasing the activity of the AKT2 signaling protein and reducing ⁣the activity of the LXR regulating protein. This process accelerates the ‍growth of precursor cells that develop into fat cells, ⁤linking oleic acid and⁣ obesity.

Michael Rudolph, assistant ⁢professor of​ biochemistry and physiology at the University of Oklahoma College of ​Medicine, explained the motivation behind the research. “We wanted to know whether simply overeating ‍a⁤ diet rich in fat causes obesity, or whether the composition of these fatty acids that make up the oils in ⁢the diet is important,”​ Rudolph said. “Do specific fat molecules trigger responses in the cells?”

Rudolph’s ‍team⁢ fed mice‍ specialized diets enriched with specific fatty acids found in various oils, including coconut, peanut, milk, lard, and soybean oil.Oleic acid uniquely caused precursor cells ⁣to‌ proliferate more ‌than the other fatty acids tested.

“You can think of the fat cells as⁤ an army,” Rudolph said. “When you give oleic acid, it initially increases the number ‍of ‘fat⁤ cell soldiers’ in the army, which ‌creates⁢ a larger capacity to store‌ excess dietary ⁤nutrients.” He⁤ added that ‍if excess ‍nutrients overwhelm the number of fat cells, obesity can occur, potentially leading to cardiovascular disease or diabetes.

While isolating specific fatty acids in a human diet is challenging due to the complex⁤ mixtures people consume, Rudolph noted the increasing levels of oleic acid in the ⁣food supply, especially​ in fast food options.

“I think the take-home message is⁤ moderation ​and⁣ to consume fats from a ‌variety of different sources,” Rudolph said. “Relatively balanced levels⁣ of oleic acid seem to be beneficial, but⁤ higher and prolonged levels may be detrimental.‌ If⁤ someone is at risk for heart disease, high levels of oleic acid may not ⁤be an⁤ excellent idea.”

What’s next

Future research may explore ⁣strategies to balance fatty ⁣acid intake and mitigate the potential ‌risks associated with high levels of oleic ‍acid‌ in the diet,notably for individuals ​at risk of heart disease.