How is rum produced in Réunion? – It’s not rocket science – YouTube

The educational science and discovery program It’s not rocket science, presented by Fred, Jamy, and Sabine, has detailed the technical processes involved in the production of rum in Réunion. The program focuses on the transition from raw agricultural materials to a distilled spirit, highlighting the biological and chemical engineering required for the process.

The production process begins with fermentation, a biological stage where yeast is introduced to a sugar-rich medium, such as sugarcane juice or molasses. During this phase, yeast consumes the sugars and converts them into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This chemical reaction is the foundational step that creates the alcohol base necessary for distillation.

The Technology of Distillation

The most technical aspect of rum production is distillation, which relies on the different boiling points of water and alcohol. Because ethanol vaporizes at a lower temperature than water, the fermented liquid is heated in a still to separate the alcohol from the remaining water and solids.

As the liquid reaches the boiling point of ethanol, the alcohol turns into vapor. This vapor is then channeled through a cooling system where it condenses back into a liquid state. This process increases the alcohol concentration, resulting in a clear, high-proof spirit.

Chemical Maturation and Aging

Following distillation, the spirit often undergoes a maturation process in wooden barrels. This stage is a matter of chemistry, as the alcohol interacts with the porous structure of the wood. Over time, the spirit extracts compounds from the barrel, which alters the color and flavor profile of the rum.

Oxidation also occurs during this period, as small amounts of oxygen penetrate the wood, further refining the chemical composition of the liquid. The duration and type of wood used in the barrels directly determine the final characteristics of the product.

By breaking down these complex stages, It’s not rocket science demonstrates how traditional spirit production is an application of fundamental science and thermal engineering.