Human circadian Rhythms Track Seasonal Daylight Changes

Despite modern conveniences like electric lights, human circadian⁤ rhythms still respond to seasonal changes in daylight, according to new research. ⁤The‌ study suggests that our internal clocks are hardwired to⁣ track the amount of sunlight, influencing ​sleep‌ schedules ​and potentially affecting mental and cardiovascular health.

Ruby Kim, a postdoctoral assistant professor of mathematics at the​ University of ⁤Michigan, said‍ humans are‌ more ‍seasonal than ⁣they might realise. Kim noted that day length significantly impacts human physiology, affecting how people adjust to ‍daily schedule changes.

The findings, published in‌ npj Digital Medicine, ⁢could provide new insights into⁣ seasonal ⁣affective disorder and ‌other health issues related⁢ to circadian rythm⁤ alignment. Daniel Forger, professor ⁤of math and director of the Michigan Center⁢ for ⁣Applied and Interdisciplinary ⁤Mathematics, previously demonstrated the strong connection ​between mood and sleep ⁢schedule alignment with circadian rhythms.

Kim ​believes the research holds promise for ‍future discoveries, potentially impacting mental health conditions like mood and anxiety,​ and also metabolic and cardiovascular ‍health.

The study also ⁣revealed a genetic component to this seasonality, which may explain why some individuals adapt more easily ‍to changes in day length than others. Forger ‌said that ⁣understanding this ‌genetic aspect could help ‍doctors identify individuals who are more vulnerable to disruptions caused ⁢by seasonal changes.

Forger added that many people think of circadian rhythms as a single clock, but the research indicates there are ⁤two clocks: one ⁤tracking dawn and the other tracking dusk,⁣ and they communicate with each other.

Researchers analyzed‌ sleep data from thousands of medical residents using wearable ⁤health ​devices as part of the ⁢Intern Health Study, funded by the National Institutes of Health. ⁢Thes interns, whose shift work often disrupts their sleep schedules, provided valuable data on⁢ how ⁢circadian rhythms respond to seasonal changes.

The fact that circadian rhythms in this population exhibited seasonal dependence suggests this feature is deeply ingrained in humans.Forger noted‌ that studies on fruit‍ flies and rodents have shown similar seasonal circadian clocks, and ⁢this new ⁤research provides strong support for the idea‌ in humans.

The Intern Health ‍Study also included⁣ DNA testing, allowing Kim and Forger’s team to identify a gene⁣ variation that⁣ made⁣ shift⁢ work more disruptive to circadian clock alignment in a small ⁣percentage of interns.

What’s next

Researchers plan ⁣to further explore the health implications of these findings, particularly the influence of shift‍ work on individuals with ​different genetic predispositions.