Respiratory illness rates in Italy are showing a slight decline, according to recent surveillance data. While the peak of the season may not yet be over, the incidence of acute respiratory infections in the community decreased during the week of to , 2026, falling from 10.1 cases per 1,000 individuals to 9.7 cases per 1,000.
The latest report from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), known as RespiVirNet, estimates approximately 524,000 new cases during that week, bringing the total number of cases since the start of surveillance to 10.9 million. This downward trend is being observed across all age groups, including young children, with the 0-4 year age demographic experiencing a decrease from 40 to 38 cases per 1,000 individuals.
Regional Variations in Respiratory Illness Intensity
While the overall trend is positive, the intensity of respiratory infections varies across Italy’s regions. Liguria and Sardinia have already reached baseline levels of infection. However, Puglia, Basilicata, Campania, Marche, and Valle d’Aosta are currently experiencing moderate intensity, indicating a continued need for vigilance in those areas.
Dominant Viruses and Hospitalizations
Currently, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, and other coronaviruses – excluding SARS-CoV-2 – are the most prevalent respiratory viruses identified in both community and hospital settings. This multi-viral landscape highlights the complexity of the current respiratory illness season.
Among severe cases requiring hospitalization, the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza subtype is predominant. Importantly, a majority of these severe cases are occurring in individuals who have not been vaccinated against influenza. This underscores the continued importance of vaccination as a preventative measure, particularly for those at higher risk of complications.
Continued Monitoring and Caution
Experts caution against declaring the respiratory illness season over despite the observed decline. The potential impact of increased social interaction following the Christmas holidays requires continued monitoring. The report emphasizes that vigilance remains crucial, particularly as schools reopen and daily routines resume.
The decline in incidence is encouraging, but the ongoing presence of multiple respiratory viruses and the regional variations in infection intensity necessitate continued public health efforts. These efforts include promoting vaccination, encouraging good hygiene practices – such as frequent handwashing and covering coughs and sneezes – and advising individuals to stay home when sick to prevent further spread.
The ISS report provides a valuable snapshot of the current respiratory illness situation in Italy. Ongoing surveillance and data analysis will be essential to track trends, identify emerging threats, and inform public health interventions throughout the remainder of the winter season. The potential for further waves of infection, particularly with the emergence of new viral variants, remains a possibility, emphasizing the need for sustained vigilance and preparedness.
Further data from January 12th to January 18th indicates a total incidence of acute respiratory infections in the community of 12.7, suggesting the decline may be slowing or leveling off. This reinforces the need for continued monitoring and preventative measures.
