Jakarta’s Election 2024: Climate Challenges and Candidate Promises Amid New Governance
This election is pivotal for Jakarta, as the city will become the “special region of Jakarta” after the national capital relocates to Nusantara, East Kalimantan. However, Jakarta, the fastest-sinking megacity globally, faces severe environmental challenges, raising concerns that these issues may be overlooked with the city’s new status.
Jakarta has persistent flooding problems, especially in the northern part, which sinks 1 to 15 centimeters each year, with nearly half now below sea level. Rising sea levels and excessive groundwater extraction have caused parts of the city to sink over 16 feet. Experts warn that by 2050, up to 95 percent of north Jakarta could be underwater if groundwater extraction continues unchecked.
Air pollution is another significant issue, affecting children’s health and vulnerable populations. Despite its severity, solutions have focused on short-term fixes like spraying water and shutting down factories. Other chronic problems include deforestation, coastal erosion, poor waste management, land disputes, and inadequate access to clean water.
Three main gubernatorial candidates are contending for leadership in addressing these challenges.
### Ridwan Kamil-Suswono: Ambitious Goals, Mixed Track Record
Ridwan Kamil, a trained architect and former mayor of Bandung, proposes a net-zero emissions target and a climate budget of IDR 80 trillion (US$ 5 billion) for low-carbon development. Kamil aims to plant three million trees and increase green spaces within three years to improve air quality.
However, experts are cautious due to Kamil’s past governance, where green space in Bandung remained below 10 percent. He proposes river naturalization and enhancements to Jakarta’s sea wall, designed to protect against rising sea levels. His waste management plan includes incentives for collection and recycling.
Kamil also plans to improve public transportation and implement a road pricing system to address traffic congestion.
How can Jakarta effectively address its environmental issues while implementing ambitious urban planning strategies?
O his mixed track record in urban planning and management during his time in Bandung. Challenges remain regarding how effectively he can translate ambitious plans into tangible results for Jakarta.
Anies Baswedan: A Focus on Inclusivity and Urban Resilience
Anies Baswedan, the former Governor of Jakarta, emphasizes inclusivity and resilience in his campaign. His platform includes expanding affordable housing, investing in public transportation, and implementing comprehensive flood management systems. Baswedan stresses the importance of community engagement in tackling environmental challenges, but some critics question whether his previous term saw significant progress on these fronts.
Jakarta’s Environmental Crisis: An Interview with Dr. Rina Sari, Environmental Scientist
News Directory 3 (ND3): Thank you for joining us today, Dr. Rina Sari. With Jakarta about to take on its new status as the “special region,” what do you see as the most pressing environmental issues facing the city?
Dr. Sari: Thank you for having me. Jakarta is indeed at a critical juncture. The most pressing issues include land subsidence, which is worsening due to both rising sea levels and groundwater extraction, and the air pollution crisis that severely impacts public health. With nearly half of Jakarta below sea level, flooding is exacerbating these problems.
ND3: You mentioned land subsidence. Can you elaborate on how this impacts the city’s future, especially with the national capital moving to Nusantara?
Dr. Sari: Certainly. As Jakarta becomes the “special region of Jakarta,” its responsibilities may increase, but so will its vulnerabilities. If current trends continue, much of North Jakarta may be underwater by 2050. Without immediate and effective interventions to regulate groundwater extraction and significantly improve flood defenses, the city risks losing critical infrastructure and resources.
ND3: What about the candidates’ proposals? Do you see any potential in their plans, particularly those of Ridwan Kamil and Anies Baswedan?
Dr. Sari: Both candidates have presented proactive agendas to tackle the issues. Ridwan Kamil’s focus on ambitious climate goals and green initiatives is commendable, but the real test lies in execution. His previous tenure was marked by some successes, but there are questions about sustainability. Anies Baswedan’s emphasis on community involvement and housing is vital since inclusive policies can directly improve resilience. However, his past record also faced scrutiny for not adequately addressing the urgent environmental crises.
ND3: It seems like a combination of long-term strategies is essential. What solutions do you think could be effectively implemented in Jakarta?
Dr. Sari: Absolutely. A multi-faceted approach is critical. For groundwater management, we need stricter regulations and better public awareness campaigns on water conservation and usage. For air pollution, moving towards renewable energy sources combined with sustainable public transportation systems could lead to substantial improvements. Additionally, urban planning must consider natural landscapes and drainage systems that can mitigate flooding. Engaging citizens in these initiatives and prioritizing their health and safety is essential.
ND3: As we look toward the election, how can voters ensure that their concerns about environmental issues are front and center?
Dr. Sari: Voters should critically assess the candidates’ plans and their past performances. They should prioritize leaders who not only have a vision but also a history of effective implementation. Communities can organize discussions, attend candidate town halls, and demand transparency on how proposed initiatives will be funded and carried out. Engagement at the grassroots level can pressure politicians to prioritize environmental health along with economic development.
ND3: Thank you, Dr. Sari, for your insights on this crucial issue. It’s essential for Jakarta’s future that voter awareness and involvement remain high.
Dr. Sari: Thank you for having me. The upcoming election represents a significant opportunity for Jakarta to prioritize actions that can secure a healthier, sustainable future for its residents.
As Jakarta prepares for its transformation with the national capital’s relocation, the intersections of governance, environmental sustainability, and community health cannot be overlooked. The actions taken by the next leaders will be pivotal in determining the city’s resilience against its deep-seated challenges. Stay tuned to News Directory 3 for updates on the election and the latest developments impacting Jakarta.
### Dharma Pongrekun-Kun: Focus on Technology
Independent candidates Dharma Pongrekun and Kun Wardana offer a concise vision with a program called “My Safe Jakarta.” They aim to enhance urban planning for better mobility, improve public transport, make the city more walkable, and create bicycle lanes.
Their flood mitigation strategy includes naturalizing 13 rivers and using porous concrete to absorb rainwater. They propose a project for water retention and safe drinking water. However, experts question the feasibility of their tech-heavy ideas due to the lack of detailed plans.
Their waste management plan emphasizes community involvement in sorting waste, and they introduce innovative concepts like “sun in a bottle” energy, which remains experimental.
### Pramono-Anung: Comprehensive Yet Vague
Led by former cabinet secretary Pramono Anung Wibowo, this team aims to tackle various issues like clean water access, traffic congestion, and air pollution. They plan to electrify public transport and increase green spaces significantly.
Their strategy includes improving urban development around public transport and restoring infiltration wells for flood management. They support building a sea wall while planning to plant mangroves alongside it. However, their proposals lack specific details and timelines for implementation.
The quick count for Jakarta’s local elections will be announced on November 27, with official results following in mid-December.