The conflict in Sudan between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) continues as of January 31, 2026, with ongoing fighting, a severe humanitarian crisis, and stalled peace negotiations. While no definitive end is in sight, recent developments focus on increased international pressure and localized ceasefires that have yielded limited results.
The Ongoing Conflict Between SAF and RSF
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The conflict in Sudan began on April 15, 2023, as a result of a power struggle between General Abdel Fattah al-burhan, the commander of the SAF, and General Mohamed Hamdan dagalo (Hemedti), the leader of the RSF. The fighting initially centered around Khartoum and darfur but has since spread to othre regions.
As of January 31, 2026, both sides remain entrenched, with neither achieving a decisive military advantage. The SAF controls most major cities, while the RSF maintains a strong presence in Darfur and parts of Khartoum. Recent reports indicate a shift in RSF tactics towards targeting infrastructure and supply lines.
Example: In late December 2025, the RSF launched a series of attacks on key grain silos in el Fasher, North Darfur, exacerbating food insecurity in the region. Reuters reported on these attacks, highlighting the intentional targeting of civilian resources.
Humanitarian Crisis and Displacement
The conflict has triggered a catastrophic humanitarian crisis, with millions of Sudanese displaced both internally and as refugees in neighboring countries. The United Nations estimates that over 8.3 million people have been displaced as of January 2026.
Access to food, water, healthcare, and sanitation is severely limited, particularly in conflict zones.The World Food Program (WFP) warns of widespread famine if humanitarian aid cannot reach those in need.Attacks on aid workers and looting of humanitarian supplies further complicate the situation.
Example: The UNHCR reported on January 20,2026,that over 1.7 million Sudanese refugees have fled to neighboring countries, including Chad, South Sudan, and Egypt. UNHCR Sudan Emergency Page provides updated statistics and information on the refugee situation.
International Efforts and Peace Negotiations
Numerous international actors have attempted to mediate a ceasefire and facilitate peace negotiations between the SAF and the RSF, but these efforts have largely stalled. The intergovernmental Authority on Progress (IGAD) and the African Union (AU) have been leading diplomatic initiatives.
The United States and Saudi Arabia jointly brokered a ceasefire in Jeddah in May 2023, but it was repeatedly violated by both sides. Subsequent attempts to revive the negotiations have failed to yield meaningful progress. Increased sanctions and arms embargoes have been imposed on individuals and entities fueling the conflict.
Example: On January 15, 2026, the U.S. Treasury Department announced new sanctions against individuals linked to both the SAF and RSF, accusing them of undermining peace efforts and perpetuating violence. U.S. Treasury Press Release details the specific sanctions imposed.
Key Entities Involved
Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF)
The national army of Sudan, lead by general Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. The SAF controls most of the country’s military infrastructure and maintains a strong presence in urban centers.
Rapid Support Forces (RSF)
A paramilitary group led by General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti). The RSF originated from the Janjaweed militias and has a significant presence in darfur.
A regional bloc leading mediation efforts to resolve the conflict.IGAD Official Website provides information on their peace initiatives.
African Union (AU)
A continental organization also involved in mediating the conflict. African Union Official Website details their involvement.
United Nations (UN)
Providing humanitarian assistance and monitoring the human rights situation. UN Sudan Page offers updates on UN activities.
