AI Security Risks: ⁤Experts Warn of Data Leaks in Large⁣ Language ⁢Models

‍ Updated May 30, 2025

Organizations are increasingly integrating large language models (LLMs) into thier applications and workflows. However, cybersecurity experts are cautioning against hasty adoption, emphasizing the need for thorough risk management.

Joseph Steinberg, an expert in cybersecurity, AI, and privacy, advises that organizations introducing AI models should‍ implement clear policies, procedures, technical controls, and complete risk analyses. He noted that many organizations are underinvesting in these critical areas, thereby overlooking the potential security challenges posed by LLMs.

Steinberg stressed the seriousness of data leaks via user prompts. He explained that users might unintentionally⁤ input ⁣personal facts, failing ‍to recognize the potential consequences. For example, if multiple ‍individuals ⁤within an organization repeatedly query an AI about a specific technology, ⁢the⁣ AI could ⁣infer that the organization uses ⁣that technology and lacks advanced expertise.

security Risks Higher Than Expected

Recent research‍ indicates that the security risks associated⁤ with LLMs might potentially be⁣ greater than initially anticipated. A Cybernews research ‍team analyzed 10 AI models, finding that half were rated as having relatively high security‍ risks. OpenAI and 01.AI received a D grade, indicating high risk, while Inflection AI received an F grade, signifying‍ a ⁢critical security risk. Anthropic, Cohere, and Mistral⁣ were considered low risk.

The team reported that five of ‍the ten companies experienced data leaks. OpenAI, for instance, had 1,140 recorded leaks just nine days before the analysis. perplexity AI reportedly had 190 corporate ⁤credentials seized‍ due⁢ to a leak 13‍ days prior.

An OpenAI spokesman told CSO.com that they welcome AI security research⁣ and prioritize user security⁢ and privacy. The spokesman added that⁤ they transparently disclose ‍security program progress and regularly publish threat intelligence ⁤reports, disagreeing ⁣with the study’s claims.

Robert T. Lee, a senior researcher at the SANS⁢ Research Institute,⁢ commented on the report, stating that most LLMs fail basic security tests. He suggested that the weekly leaks from D or F-rated models indicate a lack of security consideration by these companies.

Security Advice for CSOs

Lee recommends that CSOs consider the following⁤ before approving LLMs:

• Learning data: Understand where the model sourced its information, as random web ⁣scraping⁣ can expose organizational data.
• Prompt record: Ensure that questions are not stored on servers,which‍ could led to future leaks.
• Qualification: Protect against stolen API ⁤keys or vulnerable passwords ‍with multi-factor authentication (MFA) and‍ real-time ⁢alerts.
• Infrastructure: Verify thorough TLS settings, timely patch application, and complete network isolation. Immutable settings are prone to attacks.
• access control: clearly define permissions by role, record all AI calls, ⁣and send logs to SIEM/DLP systems to ⁣mitigate shadow AI threats.
• Infringement⁣ accident response training: Establish immediate notification procedures and simulate API key leaks or prompt insertion attacks to ‍prepare for real-world scenarios.

Lee advises treating LLMs like bank safes,emphasizing strict verification and avoiding ⁣exaggerated expectations to prevent‍ inadvertently creating backdoors while leveraging AI ⁣benefits.

What’s next

Organizations should⁤ prioritize robust security measures and ⁢continuous monitoring as they integrate large language models to mitigate potential risks and ensure data protection.