Mapping Gene Activity in the Living Human Brain: An Innovative Approach to Neuroscience

Researchers at FutureNeuro, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, and international partners have developed a new method to assess gene activity in the living human brain. This innovative technique, published in JCI Insight, aims to improve our understanding of and treatments for neurological conditions, especially epilepsy.

For years, studying gene activity in the brain without invasive tissue samples has been challenging. This study overcame that by analyzing RNA and DNA samples collected from electrodes placed in the brains of epilepsy patients. This data was combined with electrical recordings, offering a real-time view of gene activity.

The electrodes, used to locate seizure activity, allowed researchers to connect brain functions to specific gene changes in various areas. By combining molecular data with seizure recordings, the study enhances our understanding of how the brain’s seizure networks operate. This could lead to more effective epilepsy surgeries.

Professor David Henshall, Director of FutureNeuro, highlighted that this advancement allows for the detection of active genes in individuals with epilepsy. This technology may complement existing imaging and EEG tests, providing valuable insights for surgical decisions in epilepsy treatment.

In Ireland, around 40,000 people have epilepsy, with one in three unable to manage seizures with medication. For these patients, surgery is often the best solution, but its effectiveness relies on accurately identifying seizure-related brain regions. The research may also benefit studies on Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and schizophrenia by exploring molecular activity in the living brain.

Led by Professor Henshall and Professor Vijay Tiwari from the University of Southern Denmark, this research involved collaboration with experts from Beaumont Hospital, Blackrock Clinic, Queen’s University Belfast, and the Danish Institute for Advanced Study. This project illustrates how international partnerships can advance neurological research, improving diagnosis and treatment for those affected by brain disorders.