Muhammadiyah 1 Shawwal 1446 H: March 31, 2025
- Muhammadiyah has announced that 1 Shawwal 1446 H will fall on Monday, March 31, 2025.
- The wujudul Hilal method stipulates that a new month begins if the hilal (crescent moon) is already formed.
- Astronomical data used to determine 1 Shawwal 1446 H indicates that the ijtimak occurred at 5:59:51 p.m.Western Indonesian Time (WIB) on Saturday, March 29, 2025, corresponding to 29...
Muhammadiyah Declares 1 Shawwal 1446 H to Fall on March 31, 2025
Muhammadiyah has announced that 1 Shawwal 1446 H will fall on Monday, March 31, 2025. This determination is based on the Wujudul Hilal method, a long-standing guideline used to determine the beginning of the Hijri month.
The wujudul Hilal method stipulates that a new month begins if the hilal (crescent moon) is already formed. This means that after the ijtimak (conjunction) occurs before sunset, the moon must set after the sun, and the highest point of the moon must be above the horizon at sunset. If any of thes criteria are not met, the month is completed to 30 days.
Astronomical data used to determine 1 Shawwal 1446 H indicates that the ijtimak occurred at 5:59:51 p.m.Western Indonesian Time (WIB) on Saturday, March 29, 2025, corresponding to 29 Ramadan 1446 H. Though, at sunset in Yogyakarta (07° 48′ S and 110° 21′ E), the moon’s height was still at -01° 59′ 04², indicating that the hilal was not yet visible.
Across all regions of Indonesia, the moon remained below the horizon, failing to meet the wujudul Hilal criteria. Consequently, the month of Ramadan 1446 H was extended to 30 days, and 1 Shawwal 1446 H will commence on Monday, March 31, 2025.
This decision also marks the end of Muhammadiyah’s use of the Wujudul Hilal method for determining the start of Hijri months. Beginning in 1447 H, Muhammadiyah will transition to the Single Global Hijri Calendar (KHGT).
The KHGT system treats the Earth as a single global entity, aiming for a unified start date for Hijri months worldwide. This shift is intended to foster unity among muslims in matters of time and worship, address modern challenges, and strengthen global integration.
Muhammadiyah’s Announcement Concerning 1 Shawwal & the Hijri calendar
What is 1 Shawwal, and When Does it fall in 2025?
1 Shawwal is the first day of the month of Shawwal in the Islamic calendar. It marks the end of Ramadan,the month of fasting,and is celebrated as Eid al-Fitr. In 2025, Muhammadiyah has declared that 1 Shawwal 1446 H will fall on Monday, march 31, 2025.
How is the Start of Shawwal Steadfast?
Muhammadiyah traditionally uses the Wujudul Hilal method to determine the start of hijri months, including Shawwal. This method is based on astronomical observations and involves specific criteria:
Ijtimak (Conjunction): The new moon must occur before sunset.
Moonset: The moon must set after the sun.
Moon’s Altitude: The moon’s highest point must be above the horizon at sunset.
If all these conditions are met, the new month begins. If not, the current month is extended to 30 days.
Why Was 1 Shawwal 1446 H Determined to be March 31, 2025?
Astronomical data indicated that the ijtimak occurred on Saturday, March 29, 2025, at 5:59:51 p.m. Western Indonesian Time (WIB). Data also showed the moon set below the horizon in Yogyakarta.Because the hilal (crescent moon) was not visible at sunset, the Wujudul Hilal criteria where not met. Therefore, Ramadan was extended to 30 days, and 1 Shawwal fell on March 31, 2025.
what is the Single Global Hijri Calendar (KHGT)?
The Single Global Hijri Calendar (KHGT) system treats Earth as a unified entity to determine the start of Hijri months. This is a shift away from the Wujudul Hilal methodology.
Why is Muhammadiyah Transitioning to the KHGT?
The transition to the KHGT is intended to:
Foster unity among Muslims globally
Address the challenges of the modern era
Strengthen global integration
This change aims to promote uniformity in the start dates of Hijri months worldwide.
Key Differences: Wujudul Hilal vs. KHGT
| Feature | Wujudul Hilal | Single Global Hijri Calendar (KHGT) |
| —————— | ——————————————————————————————————————– | —————————————————————————————————————— |
| Determination Basis | Based on the local sighting of the new moon. | Treats the Earth as a single entity to determine Hijri month start dates. |
| Criteria | Ijtimak before sunset, moonset after sunset, and moon above the horizon at sunset. | Uses a global system to determine the start of the months. |
| Goal | To determine the specific beginning of the month. | Unify the Muslim community with respect to Hijri dates. |
| Usage | Muhammadiyah used this methodology before the switch to KHGT. | Muhammadiyah is now transitioning to this system beginning in 1447 H. |