Nigeria Returns to Traditional Medicine Amid Rising Drug Costs
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Nigeria’s Healthcare Crisis Drives Surge in Conventional Medicine Use
Soaring drug prices,fueled by currency devaluation and economic reforms,are pushing millions of Nigerians toward traditional herbal remedies as a more affordable healthcare option.
The Rising Cost of Modern Medicine
In the bustling iPaja market, on the outskirts of Lagos, Nigeria, Yemi Adejoke exemplifies a growing trend. At 53, she’s been battling a debilitating illness since December, but increasingly finds herself unable to afford conventional medications. Like many Nigerians, she’s turned to traditional herbs as a last resort.
“I have been using herbs for two months because I can no longer pay for my medicines,” Adejoke explained to EFE. “Prices are too high for a small merchant like me.” Her story highlights a critical issue: the cost of essential drugs has more than doubled in recent months, from approximately 30,000 nairas (roughly $20 USD as of May 3, 2024) to 75,000 nairas ($50 USD) for the same medications. This dramatic increase has priced many out of the healthcare system.
Nigeria, with a population exceeding 200 million, relies heavily on imported pharmaceuticals.However, the devaluation of the naira following President bola Tinubu’s economic reforms in 2023 has triggered a sharp rise in drug prices. This economic shift has created a healthcare affordability crisis, forcing citizens to seek alternatives.
Traditional Medicine: A long-Standing Practice
Traditional medicine isn’t a new phenomenon in Nigeria. According to the Nigerian Agency for the Growth of Natural Medicine (NADAMN), over 140 million Nigerians – approximately 80% of the population – rely on it for healthcare. Professor Martin Emeje, NADAMN’s Director-General, stated to EFE, “No less than 140 million Nigerians depend on traditional medicine to access health care… Traditional medicine has been the core of care throughout the country and in most African countries, helping to achieve worldwide health coverage.”
This reliance stems from cultural beliefs, accessibility, and, increasingly, affordability. Traditional healers and herbalists are often deeply embedded in communities, offering a familiar and trusted source of care. Though, the lack of regulation and quality control raises critically important concerns.
| year | Naira/USD Exchange Rate (Approximate) | Average Cost of Common medications (Naira) |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 415 | 20,000 – 30,000 |
| 2023 (Mid-Year) | 460 | 30,000 – 45,000 |
| 2024 (May) | 1,500+ | 50,000 – 75,000+ |