Autoridades de saúde da Índia confirmaram neste mês dois casos de infecção pelo vírus nipah (NiV) no estado de bengala Ocidental, no leste do país. Segundo o Ministério da Saúde indiano, os pacientes são profissionais de saúde: um homem, que está em recuperação, e uma mulher, em estado grave. Até o momento,não há
For the dissemination of Nipah high lethality is characteristic. “Patients die before they can transmit the disease,” emphasizes virologist Benedito Fonseca, professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP/USP) and consultant for the Brazilian society of Infectious Diseases (SBI).
the nipah virus initially causes symptoms similar to those of the flu, but can rapidly progress to severe encephalitis, with neurological, vascular and respiratory impairment.
It is therefore an agent with high mortality and, consequently, lower dissemination capacity. The lethality rate is estimated to vary between 40% and 75%, depending on early detection and the quality of clinical care.
The restricted geographical distribution even over more than twenty years (the virus was first described in 1999) also helps to reduce global risk.”Outbreaks have been concentrated in Southeast Asia, where the natural reservoirs[[[[Pteropus bats]exist,” observes Dias e Sanches.
historically, recorded episodes have been limited especially to India and Bangladesh, occurring sporadically or in small clusters.
According to the WHO, transmission between people is rare and is usually restricted to healthcare settings or close family contacts. There are also no reports of international dissemination associated with travel.
For Fonseca, another very important difference between nipah and SARS-CoV-2 lies in the ability to adapt to humans. While the first NiV outbreak occurred after pigs were infected by bats and then passed the disease on to humans,
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