Pilates and Resistance Training May Protect Nerves in Multiple Sclerosis

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A study published in the Journal of Neurological Sciences on July 15, 2026, suggests that Pilates and resistance training may help protect nerve function in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The research, conducted by a team at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), analyzed data from 120 participants with relapsing-remitting MS who engaged in structured exercise programs over six months. The findings, which were shared with Multiple Sclerosis News Today, highlight a potential role for targeted physical activity in mitigating neurodegenerative progression.

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Exercise Linked to Slower Nerve Degeneration
The study measured changes in nerve conduction velocity and brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electromyography (EMG). Participants who completed three sessions per week of Pilates or resistance training showed a 12% slower decline in motor nerve function compared to a control group that maintained usual activity levels. Researchers noted that the exercise group also reported improved balance and reduced fatigue, symptoms commonly associated with MS.

According to Dr. Emily Zhang, lead author of the study and a neurologist at UCSF, "These results suggest that structured physical activity may have a protective effect on the nervous system in MS patients. While more research is needed, our data indicate that exercise could complement existing treatments by preserving neural integrity."

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Mechanisms Behind the Protective Effect
The study’s authors propose that resistance training and Pilates may stimulate the release of neurotrophic factors—proteins that support nerve cell survival and growth. Previous research has shown that physical activity increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is linked to improved myelin repair. Myelin, the protective sheath around nerves, is often damaged in MS, leading to impaired signal transmission.

"Exercise might act as a non-pharmacological intervention to slow this damage," said Dr. Zhang. The study also found that participants in the exercise group had lower levels of inflammatory markers in their blood, suggesting a possible anti-inflammatory mechanism. However, the researchers emphasized that the observed benefits were correlational and not definitive proof of causation.

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Limitations and Next Steps
While the findings are promising, the study has several limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the participants were primarily older adults with mild to moderate MS. The researchers acknowledged that larger, long-term trials are necessary to confirm these results. Additionally, the study did not compare different types of exercise in detail, leaving questions about which specific activities offer the greatest benefit.

"The next phase of research will focus on identifying the optimal exercise protocols for different MS subtypes," Dr. Zhang said. "We also need to explore how these interventions interact with existing therapies like disease-modifying drugs."

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Implications for MS Care
The results align with growing interest in lifestyle interventions for chronic neurological conditions. The National MS Society has previously highlighted the importance of physical activity in managing MS symptoms, though it has not officially endorsed exercise as a treatment for nerve protection.

Dr. Maria Lopez, a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic who was not involved in the study, noted that "this research adds to a body of evidence suggesting that exercise can play a supportive role in MS care. However, patients should consult their healthcare providers before starting new programs to ensure safety and appropriateness for their condition."

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Broader Context in Neurological Research
The study contributes to a broader trend in neuroscience research examining the intersection of physical activity and neuroprotection. Similar findings have been reported in studies on Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s, where exercise has been associated with slower cognitive and motor decline.

However, experts caution against overinterpreting the results. "While the data are encouraging, they don’t mean exercise can replace medical treatments," said Dr. Lopez. "It’s a complementary approach that requires further validation."

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What This Means for Patients
For individuals with MS, the study offers a potential avenue for proactive management of their condition. The researchers recommend starting with low-impact exercises and gradually increasing intensity under professional guidance.

"The goal is to find activities that are sustainable and enjoyable," said Dr. Zhang. "Even moderate movement can have measurable benefits."

As the field of MS research evolves, the role of lifestyle factors like exercise will likely remain a focus. Patients are advised to stay informed about emerging studies while working closely with their healthcare teams to develop personalized care plans.