Print Beats Digital for Preschool Reading
Ditch the Games? Print-Based Activities Trump Digital for Preschool Literacy, Study Finds
In an increasingly digital world, a new study suggests that old-fashioned print-based activities might be the key to unlocking early literacy skills in preschoolers. Researchers at Michigan State University found that activities like reading books together and practicing writing letters are more effective than educational games and apps, especially for children wiht speech and/or language impairments.
The study, published in the Journal of Research in Reading, followed over 1,000 families from across a Midwestern state, including approximately 800 children with typical development and over 200 with speech and/or language impairments. Researchers assessed the children’s literacy development based on three foundational skills: letter-name knowledge, letter-sound knowledge, and phonological awareness. Parents also completed surveys detailing their home literacy practices.
The results revealed a clear advantage for print-focused activities. children who engaged in activities like writing letters, reading books, and identifying letters in their environment consistently demonstrated stronger early literacy skills. Surprisingly, the study found that children who spent more time on literacy games actually scored lower on reading assessments, nonetheless of their developmental background. This suggests that heavier reliance on digital games may be associated with poorer literacy outcomes.
While shared book reading proved beneficial for typically developing children, it was an especially meaningful predictor of literacy skills for those without speech and/or language impairments. This highlights the importance of tailoring literacy interventions to meet the specific needs of children with disabilities.
“The research challenges the assumption that more exposure to learning tools automatically means better results,” explains Lori Skibbe, a researcher in the human development and family studies department at Michigan State University’s College of Social Science. “Instead, it highlights the need for intentional, hands-on approaches.”
The researchers aren’t suggesting a complete ban on digital learning tools. Rather,they advocate for a more balanced approach,using games and apps as supplemental learning aids rather than primary tools.
So, why might some educational games fall short? The study suggests several possibilities. Some games prioritize entertainment over education, using flashy visuals and sounds that can distract from the development of essential skills. Others,even high-quality games,may lack the personal,hands-on instruction that is crucial for solidifying early literacy skills,notably for children with speech and/or language challenges.
The good news is that fostering early reading skills doesn’t require expensive tools or programs. Everyday interactions with print offer valuable learning opportunities. The researchers offer the following tips for parents:
Spot letters together: Find letters on street signs, food packaging, or menus.
Encourage writing: have your child write their name, draw letters, or label pictures.
Make reading interactive: Point to words,talk about letter sounds,and ask questions while reading books.
Integrate digital learning tools thoughtfully: Be mindful of introducing games when children might be struggling and use them for supplemental learning.* Prioritize print-focused routines: These are especially significant for children with learning impairments.
By focusing on these simple, print-based activities, parents can create a rich literacy environment that sets their children up for success, regardless of their developmental background. The study underscores the enduring power of conventional methods in fostering a love of reading and building a strong foundation for future learning.