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Egypt and Turkey have recently seen a significant improvement in their relations after years of tension. This change almost led to conflict but has now opened a path for cooperation, especially on issues concerning Africa.
The enhancement in relations began after Egypt’s January 25, 2011 revolution. Turkey aimed to strengthen ties, with then-President Abdullah Gul being the first foreign leader to visit post-revolution Cairo. Turkish officials pledged to boost investments in Egypt significantly. The nascent Egyptian government under President Mohamed Morsi, a Muslim Brotherhood member and ally of Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, received support from Ankara.
However, following Morsi’s ousting in 2013, relations soured. Turkey opposed Morsi’s removal and criticized the new Egyptian government. In response, both countries recalled their ambassadors, and Turkey faced increasing diplomatic isolation from Egypt. Economic relations also deteriorated, impacting trade agreements and leading to losses for Turkey.
The conflict in Libya further complicated matters. Egypt and Turkey backed opposing sides, with Turkey intervening militarily to support the Government of National Accord. Tensions peaked as Egypt threatened military action in response to Turkish involvement near its borders.
What potential areas of cooperation does Dr. El-Sharif identify for Egypt and Turkey moving forward?
Interview with Dr. Amina El-Sharif, Middle East Relations Specialist
News Directory 3: Dr. El-Sharif, thank you for joining us today to discuss the recent thaw in relations between Egypt and Turkey. Can you summarize the evolution of these relations over the years?
Dr. Amina El-Sharif: It’s my pleasure to be here. The relationship between Egypt and Turkey has been quite tumultuous over the past decade. It all started positively after Egypt’s 2011 revolution when Turkey sought to strengthen ties with the new Egyptian government. However, the ousting of President Mohamed Morsi in 2013 marked a significant turning point, leading to a period of estrangement, with both nations recalling ambassadors and Turkey facing increasing isolation.
News Directory 3: What role did regional conflicts, particularly in Libya, play in further complicating the relations between the two countries?
Dr. Amina El-Sharif: The conflict in Libya indeed intensified tensions. Egypt and Turkey found themselves on opposing sides, which created a significant rift. Egypt supported the Libyan National Army led by Khalifa Haftar, while Turkey intervened militarily to support the Government of National Accord. This divergence not only heightened military tensions but also affected diplomatic relations, as Egypt threatened military action in response to Turkish involvement near its borders.
News Directory 3: It’s interesting to note that despite these challenges, there have been recent attempts at reconciliation. What catalyzed this shift?
Dr. Amina El-Sharif: The desire for improved relations can be attributed to various factors, primarily economic. Both nations have recognized the potential for cooperation, especially in terms of trade and investments. After mid-2021, there was significant engagement at the deputy foreign minister level, signaling both countries’ readiness to restore ties. Additionally, Turkey’s decision to halt support for the Muslim Brotherhood was a crucial diplomatic gesture aimed at rebuilding trust with Egypt.
News Directory 3: With the historical context in mind, what are the key areas where we might see cooperation between Egypt and Turkey?
Dr. Amina El-Sharif: The potential for collaboration is particularly strong in areas like energy exploration, trade agreements, and regional security issues. Both nations are aware that achieving economic stability requires stronger ties. Additionally, they may collaborate on resolving regional conflicts in a manner that does not threaten their national interests. However, it is important to note that underlying issues, particularly concerning Libya, need addressing to ensure a sustainable partnership.
News Directory 3: As both countries move forward, what challenges do you foresee that could impede their newfound cooperation?
Dr. Amina El-Sharif: While the current atmosphere is more conducive to dialogue, historical grievances and regional political dynamics still pose risks. Issues related to Libya and differing views on the Muslim Brotherhood present ongoing challenges. Moreover, nationalistic sentiments within both countries can complicate political decisions. Continuous diplomatic engagement will be essential to navigate these challenges and ensure cooperation yields tangible benefits for both sides.
News Directory 3: Thank you, Dr. El-Sharif, for your insights into this evolving relationship. We’ll keep an eye on how these dynamics develop in the coming months.
Dr. Amina El-Sharif: Thank you for having me. It will be fascinating to see how this unfolds.
Despite past disagreements, both nations attempted to reconcile. The Turkish military initiated dialogues, fostering improved relations. By mid-2021, discussions resumed at the deputy foreign minister level. Key diplomatic gestures, including a meeting between Sisi and Erdogan, marked significant steps toward cooperation.
While some tensions remain, especially regarding Libya, both countries recognize the need for improved economic ties. Turkey has ceased support for the Muslim Brotherhood activists, aiming to build trust with Egypt. Key issues such as energy exploration and regional conflicts remain unresolved but show potential for cooperation.
In summary, the shifting dynamics between Egypt and Turkey present opportunities for collaboration, but underlying challenges must be addressed for lasting peace.