Soil Fever: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment – Hfocus.org
- Earthwork fever, also known as trench fever, is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella quintana.It's primarily transmitted to humans through the feces of the human body louse.
- The name "earthwork fever" originates from the association with soldiers living in trenches - essentially,earthworks - during the war.
- symptoms typically appear 5-20 days after being bitten by an infected louse.
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Earthwork Fever: A Comprehensive Guide
Table of Contents
What is Earthwork Fever?
Earthwork fever, also known as trench fever, is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella quintana.It’s primarily transmitted to humans through the feces of the human body louse. While historically linked to the unsanitary conditions of trench warfare during World War I, it continues to be a concern in populations experiencing homelessness, overcrowding, and poor hygiene.
The name “earthwork fever” originates from the association with soldiers living in trenches – essentially,earthworks - during the war. The disease was a notable problem, incapacitating a large number of soldiers and contributing to the overall strain on military resources.
Symptoms of Earthwork fever
symptoms typically appear 5-20 days after being bitten by an infected louse. Common symptoms include:
- Sudden onset of fever: Often high,but can fluctuate.
- Severe headache: Often described as debilitating.
- Muscle pain: Especially in the shins and calves.
- Bone pain: Can be widespread and intense.
- Rash: A maculopapular rash (flat, red areas with small bumps) may develop.
- Enlarged spleen: Detected during a physical exam.
- Fatigue: Persistent and overwhelming tiredness.
Symptoms can last for several weeks if left untreated. In some cases, the infection can lead to more serious complications, such as endocarditis (inflammation of the heart lining).
Causes and Transmission
The causative agent of earthwork fever is the bacterium Bartonella quintana. The primary mode of transmission is through the feces of the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis).Hear’s how it happens:
- A louse feeds on an infected person, ingesting the bacteria.
- The bacteria multiply within the louse.
- The infected louse defecates while feeding on a new person, introducing the bacteria into the bloodstream through the bite wound or by scratching the bite.
Poor hygiene, overcrowding, and lack of access to clean clothing and bedding significantly increase the risk of louse infestation and, consequently, earthwork fever.