South Sudan Abductions and Sexual Violence: A Growing Crisis
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The United Nations continues to emphasize the critical need for all parties in South Sudan to uphold international humanitarian and human rights law, and to prioritize the protection of civilians amidst ongoing challenges to peace and stability. Accountability for past violations and a renewed commitment to human rights are seen as essential for fostering trust and achieving lasting peace.
South Sudan conflict Overview
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South Sudan has experienced protracted conflict and instability as gaining independence in 2011.The conflict, rooted in political rivalries and ethnic tensions, has resulted in a significant humanitarian crisis and widespread human rights abuses. The UN has been actively involved in peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, and efforts to promote a lasting political solution.
The current situation remains fragile, with ongoing localized conflicts and challenges to the implementation of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS), signed in 2018.
Example: In December 2023, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) until March 31, 2024, authorizing it to continue protecting civilians, monitoring human rights, and supporting the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2730
International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights in South sudan
International humanitarian law (IHL) governs the conduct of armed conflict and seeks to minimize suffering. It protects individuals who are not participating in hostilities, such as civilians, medical personnel, and prisoners of war. Human rights law, conversely, applies at all times, whether in peace or in war, and protects fundamental rights and freedoms.
Violations of IHL and human rights law in South Sudan have been extensively documented, including killings, sexual violence, recruitment of child soldiers, and attacks on humanitarian workers. These violations impede the peace process and exacerbate the humanitarian crisis.
Example: A 2023 report by the UN Commission on Human Rights in South sudan detailed ongoing sexual violence against women and girls, frequently enough perpetrated by armed groups with impunity.UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan Report (March 2023)
Accountability and the international Criminal Court
Accountability for serious crimes committed in South Sudan is considered crucial for achieving lasting peace and reconciliation. the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been investigating alleged war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide committed in South Sudan since 2012.
The ICC has issued arrest warrants for several individuals suspected of bearing the greatest obligation for these crimes. However,challenges remain in securing the arrest and prosecution of these individuals. The establishment of hybrid courts within South Sudan, with international participation, has been proposed as a complementary mechanism for ensuring accountability.
Example: In february 2024, the ICC announced the arrest of Dominic Ongwen, a former commander of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), who was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity in 2021. While Ongwen’s crimes were primarily committed in Uganda, the ICC’s jurisdiction extends to crimes committed in South Sudan as well. ICC Sentencing of Dominic Ongwen
Humanitarian Situation in South sudan (as of January 10, 2026)
As of January 10, 2026, the humanitarian situation in South Sudan remains dire. Millions of people are displaced, both internally and as refugees in neighboring countries, due to ongoing conflict, flooding, and food insecurity. Access to essential services, such as healthcare and education, is limited.