Step Back in Time: Unforgettable Events That Shaped History on September 26

Today is Thursday, September 26, the 269th day of 2024. There are 97 days until the end of the year.

1371 – In the battle on the right bank of the Marica River near Čermen, the Turks defeated the Serbian army of the Mrnjavčević brothers – King Vukašin and the despot Uglješa, who died in battle, failing the attempt to stop the Ottomans from invading the battle. Balkans. The Turks, under the command of Rumelia beglerbeg Lala Sahin, surprised the Serbian camp army (between 10,000 and 15,000 men) at dawn and completely defeated it. The results were disastrous: as early as 1372, the Turks penetrated deep into Greece and Serbian Macedonia and then gradually subdued the independent Christian states.

1580 – English sailor Francis Drake sailed into the port of Plymouth, ending after 33 months sailing around the world as the first Englishman to do so.

1815 – Russia, Austria and Prussia created the “Holy Alliance” in order to prevent revolutionary movements in Europe and preserve the Treaty of Vienna, which reshaped the map of Europe.

1826 – The Serbian writer Ljubomir Nenadović was born, a member of the Royal Academy of Serbia, one of the first Serbian writers in the 19th century with a broad European education, whose travel books significantly surpassed the literature of that time. From Dositej Obradović he received the cult of science and reason, and from the romantics faith in human progress. Work: travelogues “Letters from Italy”, “Letters from Germany”, “Letters from Switzerland”, “About Montenegrins”.

1849 – The Russian doctor Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, founder of the Institute of Experimental Medicine, winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1907, was born. He graduated from the seminary, then medicine. Pavlov’s great theoretical and practical achievements – the theory of the conditioned reflex, the study of the salivary gland and digestion, checking the effect of drugs on the work of the heart, the study of the highest functions of the cerebral cortex – made his laboratories the world center of physiology, where scientists became to improve. His theory of conditioned reflexes had a strong influence on many scientific disciplines, especially psychology, psychiatry and medicine.

1860 – Serbian Prince Miloš Obrenović, leader of the Second Serbian Uprising, Prince of Serbia from 1815 to 1839 and from 1958 until his death, who laid the foundation for Serbian independence, died. He also fought in the First Serbian Uprising, but surrendered to the Turks in 1813 after the collapse of the uprising and helped them put down the Hadži-Prodanov Uprising in 1814. In 1815, he started an uprising in Takovo where he defeated the Turks. With the agreement with Marashli Ali Pasha, Serbia was given limited autonomy. Then, skillfully using the misunderstanding of Russia and the Ottoman Empire, he brought the recognition of the sultan and international, crowned by the Hatsherif from 1830 onwards, which recognized the internal self-government of Serbia, and Miloš’s inheritance of princely dignity.

1888 – The English writer of American origin Thomas Sterns Eliot, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948, was born, whose poetry radiates a rebellion against industrial civilization, barren material. Works: “Collected Poems”, “Collected Essays”, poetic dramas “Murder in the Cathedral”, “Family Meeting”, “Cocktail Party”.

1889 – German philosopher Martin Heidegger, one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century, professor at the University of Freiburg, was born. He was interested in the meaning of being and researched what he called “basic ontology”, intending to bring being and time into a meaningful connection that solves the problem, but in a significantly different way to the explanation in science traditional and metaphysics. Works: “Being and time”, “Kant and the problem of metaphysics”, “What is metaphysics”, “Introduction to metaphysics”, “What thinking means”, “What is philosophy”, “Nietzsche”, “On the essence of truth”, “Forest paths”, “Kant’s thesis on being”, “Marks on the road”.

1892 – The Russian poet Marina Ivanovna Tsvetayeva was born, whose work is very important for developing tonal verse, poetic syntax, cycle, poem, for promoting the genre of romantic drama of philosophical orientation and tragedy with ancient motifs, for creating a. a new type of portrait essay. Five years after the October Revolution, she emigrated and lived in Paris, Berlin and Prague until 1938. After returning to her homeland in 1941, she committed suicide. Work: collections of songs and poems “Evening Album”, “Magic Lantern”, “Vrste 1”, “Verses to Block”, “Farewell”, “Craft”, “Psyche”, “After Russia”, “Poem of the End “, “Poem Mountains”, “Pacolovac”, plays “Pub Hertz”, “Blizzard”, “Fortuna”, “Adventure”, “Stone Angel”, “Phoenix”, tragedies “Theseus”, “Phaedra”, prose and essays “Home near the old Pimena”, “Unchastevi”, “My Pushkin”, “The Story of Sonjeka”, “Natalia Goncharova”, “Poet and Time”, “Epic and Lyrics from Contemporary Russia: Vladimir Mayakovsky and Boris Pasternak”, ” Poets with history and poets without history”.

1893 – The Serbian writer Miloš Crnjanski, an exceptional stylist, probably the greatest “word magician” in Serbian literature, was born. He studied art history in Vienna, and graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade. He worked as a teacher and journalist, and from 1928 he was in the diplomatic service, where the Second World War found him in Rome, and from there he went to London. He returned to his homeland from emigration in 1965. In the novel “Migration”, the first part of which he wrote in 1929 and the second in 1962, he succeeded in poeticizing a historical vision inspired by the tragic dispersion of the Serbs, without depriving him of to a factual basis – the novel is a great historical fresco and a poem about wandering and the lack of a path. Other works: novels “Dnevnik o Čarnojević”, “A Drop of Spanish Blood”, “At the Hyperboreans”, “A Novel about London”, poems “Lyrics of Ithaca”, “Lament over Belgrade”, novella “Stori Dyn”, plays: “Mask”, “Konak”, “Nikola Tesla”, travelogues “Love in Tuscany”, “Book about Germany”, “Our Heaven”, “Our Beaches on the Adriatic”, “Boka Kotorska”. After he arrived in Belgrade, he published his last work – “Embassy”.

1898 – The American composer of Russian Jewish descent Jacob Gershwin, known as George Gershwin, was born, who introduced elements of folklore, popular music, black spirits and blues to classical music. Works: opera “Porgy and Bess”, symphonic fantasy “American in Paris”, “Croner Piano in F Major”, compositions for piano and orchestra, “Melancholic Rhapsody” (in our country wrongly translated such as “Rhapsody in Blue”), music for films.

1902 – Serbian artist and art critic Mihailo Petrov was born, one of the main participants in the great transformation of art in Yugoslavia between the two world wars. He was a professor at the Belgrade Academy of Applied Arts. He illustrated a number of books.

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1959 – The Ceylon statesman of Sinhalese origin, Solomon Bandanaraike, Prime Minister of Ceylon since 1956 and leader of the Freedom Party, died, shot by a Buddhist monk in Colombo the day before. He was educated at Oxford, and as prime minister he presented himself as a liberal politician, demanding the abolition of foreign military bases, the nationalization of foreign capital and a non-aligned foreign policy.

1969 – In Bolivia, the army under the leadership of General Alfredo Ovando Candia overthrew President Sile Salinas.

1984 – London and Beijing agreed to return Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty in 1997.

1989 – Vietnam withdraws troops from Cambodia, which had been in the country since late 1978, leaving Hun Sen’s government forces to fight alone against the Maoist Khmer Rouge guerrilla organization.

1994 – Algerian security forces kill the head of the strongest Islamic terrorist organization GIA, Sherif Guzmi, known as Abu Abdala.

1995 – The trial of former seven-time Italian prime minister Giulio Andreotti began for close ties to the mafia and involvement in murders.

1997 – An earthquake in central Italy killed 11 people and severely damaged the medieval basilica of St. Francis of Assisi in Assisi.

2003 – JAT Airways opened the first regular flight on this route from Belgrade to Sarajevo.

2006 – The agreement on the establishment of special and parallel relations between the Republika Srpska and Serbia was signed in Banja Luka by Presidents Dragan Čavić and Boris Tadić, and Prime Ministers Molorad Dodik and Vojislav Koštunica.

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