Strengthening NATO: How Europe Can Ensure Alliance Survival Amidst Challenges

How Europe Can Save NATO

By Hans Binnendijk and Timo S. Koster

As President-elect Donald Trump reenters office, he may question NATO’s value and Europe’s role in its defense. Trump might aim to reduce U.S. commitment to NATO. However, European allies have a chance to strengthen the Alliance by focusing on upcoming initiatives, particularly the NATO Summit in June 2025.

European countries are facing slow economic growth and leadership challenges. New NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte will lead the way. He is familiar with Trump and skilled in negotiation.

The situation in Ukraine will be a priority. Trump may push for a quick peace that favors Russia. However, Europe should advocate for long-term Ukrainian security, ideally pushing for Ukraine’s NATO membership. If Trump resists, the EU should seek to fast-track Ukraine’s membership with defense commitments.

During the June 2025 NATO Summit, Europe should take the lead in meeting the defense spending target of 2% of GDP. With 23 out of 32 NATO countries meeting this goal, the remaining nine need to catch up. Europe must address increased Chinese military spending that threatens U.S. dominance in Asia and backfill in its local defense.

To adapt to today’s threats, NATO should consider raising the GDP defense spending target to 3% by the decade’s end. This commitment would not only build up Europe’s defenses but also encourage U.S. continued presence in NATO under Trump.

Specific requirements for this increase include developing European forces capable of supporting NATO’s defense plans, acquiring modern military technology, and enhancing naval capabilities. This plan should encourage collaboration between the EU and U.S. defense firms.

Enhanced troop deployment is essential. Currently, NATO has small deployments in eight frontline countries. Upgrading these forces to brigade-level, including artillery and air defenses, will strengthen deterrence.

The summit should also clarify responsibilities among NATO, the EU, and the U.S. Europe might take the lead in southern conflicts, while the U.S. focuses on Asian security. Cooperation in Asia should increase, considering the connections between European and Asian security challenges.

Lastly, Europe must consider its nuclear position. If the U.S. reduces its nuclear presence, European countries may need to reconsider their deterrence strategies to address Russian threats.

The agenda for the summit is ambitious, especially if trade tensions with the U.S. rise. Despite challenges, Europe must act decisively to enhance its security role and preserve NATO’s integrity.