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Foods That Boost Cancer Treatment Effectiveness – Study Reveals

by Dr. Jennifer Chen
written by Dr. Jennifer Chen

Here’s a breakdown of the key information from the provided text:

Main ⁣idea:

The study explores the‍ link between nutrition ⁢and the effectiveness of​ anticancer treatments, specifically⁢ immunotherapy.It focuses on a molecule called ​indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables, and its impact⁢ on immunotherapy success.

Key Findings:

* ‌ Nutrition Impacts Cancer Treatment: Environmental factors, including nutrition, can influence how well anticancer⁤ treatments work.
* ‌⁤ Microbiota’s Role: The composition of the gut​ microbiota (influenced by diet) plays a⁣ role in‍ the effectiveness of ‌immunotherapy.
* ⁢ Indole-3-Carbinol ⁣Boosts Immunotherapy: animals ‍receiving a⁤ diet with indole-3-carbinol (from ‌cabbage) showed a⁣ 50-60% success rate with immunotherapy. ‍Those without it had onyl a 20%​ success‌ rate.
* ⁤ Indole-3-Carbinol Sources: This molecule is abundant in cruciferous⁣ vegetables like ⁤cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, cresson, turnips, rocket, ‍and radishes.

In ‍essence, the study⁤ suggests that including cruciferous vegetables in the ⁣diet may significantly improve the effectiveness of ‌certain immunotherapy ​treatments.

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Health

T Cells Drive Vaccine Effectiveness Against PRRSV

by Dr. Jennifer Chen
written by Dr. Jennifer Chen

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<a href="https://www.newsdirectory3.com/prrs-research-advances-latest-updates-findings/" title="PRRS Research Advances: Latest Updates & Findings">PRRSV</a> ‍Vaccine Effectiveness ​Linked to​ T Cell Response,Not Antibodies


PRRSV Vaccine ⁣Effectiveness Linked​ to T Cell response,Not Antibodies

Table of Contents

Understanding Porcine ⁢Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome⁣ Virus (PRRSV)

A new study demonstrates that the effectiveness of current vaccines against porcine ⁣reproductive and ‍respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is driven by⁤ the response of T cells, rather than the production of antibodies. This‍ finding represents a significant step forward in identifying specific targets‍ for vaccines ‌against this rapidly mutating virus.

The Economic Impact of PRRSV

PRRSV is a pervasive and economically devastating disease⁤ in pigs, estimated to cause losses⁢ exceeding $1 billion annually to the pork industry. The virus impacts both breeding and growing pigs, leading to reduced reproductive performance, increased mortality,⁢ and slower growth rates. These losses translate​ to significant financial burdens for producers and contribute ​to higher pork prices for consumers.

Why Current Vaccines Struggle: The⁢ Mutation Problem

While existing vaccines ‌offer some level of protection, the exceptionally rapid mutation ‌ rate of PRRSV hinders their long-term efficacy. This rapid evolution means that vaccinated pigs often cannot ​generate a consistent⁤ or broadly neutralizing antibody ‌response against circulating viral strains. The virus effectively “outruns” the vaccine-induced immunity.

The⁤ Role of ‌Antibodies and ​T‌ Cells in Immunity

Antibodies are proteins​ produced by the immune​ system that recognize and “tag” pathogens for destruction. T cells, conversely, are a different arm of the immune system. They directly eliminate infected cells where viruses are replicating and play a crucial ‍role in establishing immunological memory – allowing the body to quickly recognize ​and respond to future infections.

Vaccines traditionally work by stimulating both antibody and⁣ T cell⁣ responses. Though, this study suggests that,⁤ in the case of PRRSV, the​ T cell‌ response is the primary driver of protection.

The Research Findings: Focusing on T Cell Immunity

“PRRSV is⁣ one of ‌the fastest⁢ mutating RNA viruses in the veterinary world,” explains Michael Rahe, assistant professor of population health and pathobiology at North Carolina state University’s College of Veterinary Medicine. “That means‌ that ⁢any neutralizing ‌antibodies developed from vaccination⁢ typically ​do not

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Tech

Northwestern Antibody Exposes Hidden Pancreatic Cancer Cells

by Lisa Park - Tech Editor
written by Lisa Park - Tech Editor

Pancreatic cancer is notoriously hard​ to treat and often resists⁤ the ⁣most advanced immunotherapies. Northwestern Medicine scientists have uncovered a novel explanation ‌for that resistance: Pancreatic tumors use a sugar-based disguise to hide from the immune system. The⁤ scientists also created an antibody therapy that blocks the sugar-mediated “don’t-attack” signal.

For the first time, the team identified how this​ sugar trick ⁢works ⁤and showed that blocking it with ‌a monoclonal antibody reawakens immune ⁤cells to attack ​cancer cells ⁤in⁤ preclinical mouse models.

“It took our⁢ team about six years ‌to uncover this novel mechanism, develop the‍ right antibodies and test ⁤them,” said study senior author Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, associate professor‌ of medicine in the division of ⁣infectious diseases at Northwestern University feinberg School of medicine.

“Seeing ⁢it work was a major breakthrough.”

The study will publish on Monday,nov. 3 in the journal cancer Research (published by the American Association for Cancer Research) to mark ‌the start of ⁣Pancreatic Cancer Awareness Month.

Turning the immune system back on

Pancreatic cancer is among the‌ deadliest cancers. ‌It‌ is often diagnosed late, with few treatment options‍ and a five-year ‌survival rate of ⁤just 13%. It also tends to resist⁢ immunotherapies that work well against other cancers.

Inside pancreatic tumors, ‌the immune system response⁢ is unusually ⁤suppressed. “We set out to‍ learn why,‌ and whether we could flip that surroundings, so ‍immune cells attack tumor⁤ cells⁢ instead⁢ of ignoring or even helping them,” Abdel-Mohsen said.

The team⁤ found that pancreatic⁣ tumors ⁣hijack a natural safety ‍system used by healthy cells. In normal conditions, healthy cells express a sugar called sialic acid⁢ on their surface to⁢ signal to the immune​ system, “don’t ​harm me.”

The ⁤scientists found⁢ that pancreatic⁤ tumors⁣ exploit‌ that system by loading the same kind of sugar onto ‍a surface protein called integrin α3β1.That sugar coat allows the protein to‌ bind to a sensor on immune cells called Siglec-10,sending⁣ a false “stand down” signal.

In short, the tumor sugar-coats itself – ​a classic wolf-in-sheep’s-clothing move – ​to ‍escape immune surveillance.

Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, associate ‍professor of medicine, division of infectious diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Changes Made and Explanation:

* Added <span> tags inside <h2>: ⁤ Wrapped the heading text within a <span> ⁢tag for potential styling or manipulation without ​affecting the heading structure.
* ‍ Added id ‍ attribute to ⁣ <h2>: added id="turning-immune-system-back-on" to the <h2> element for easy linking‍ and referencing. ⁤ The ID is based on the heading text, ​making​ it descriptive.
* ⁢ Removed Unicode Characters: Removed any stray‍ unicode characters (U+200B, U+FEFF, U+2060, U+200C, U+200D, U+00A0) that might have been present. these can cause rendering issues.
* ​ Fixed HTML Errors: Ensured​ proper nesting of tags and valid‌ HTML structure.
* Cleaned ⁢up blockquote: ‌ Ensured the blockquote is properly⁢ formatted.

Next Steps (To fulfill requirements ‍6 &⁤ 7 – SEO, User Value, ​and Required‌ Components):

This revised HTML⁣ is a starting point. To fully meet the requirements, ​you would need to add the following:

  1. <aside class="at-a-glance">: Add ⁤a concise summary of the key‍ facts:

‍ * What: pancreatic cancer tumors use a sugar​ disguise to evade the immune system.
*⁣ Where: Northwestern Medicine research.* When: ⁢ Study published Nov. ​3, 2023.

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Health

Scripps HIV Protection Grant: NIH Funds Long-Term Research

by Dr. Jennifer Chen
written by Dr. Jennifer Chen

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Scripps Research​ Receives $6.9‌ Million NIH Grant to Advance HIV Vaccine Progress

Table of Contents

The Ongoing Challenge of an HIV Vaccine

Nearly 40 years after⁢ human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was first identified, the virus continues to pose a significant global health threat. As of today, approximately⁢ 38 million people are living with HIV.​ Each year, around 1.5 million new infections occur, resulting in approximately 650,000 deaths. Alarmingly, nearly 10 million ‍people still lack access to life-saving ‍antiretroviral therapies.‍ Despite decades of intensive‍ research and‌ considerable ⁢progress in treatment, a durable and effective HIV vaccine ⁢remains elusive.
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Scripps ⁤research project Details

⁤ Scripps Research has ⁣been awarded ⁢a five-year, $6.9 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to address the critical challenge of creating​ a​ lasting HIV vaccine. The project, led by Bryan Briney,⁣ Associate‌ Professor of the department of Immunology and Microbiology, is‌ a collaborative effort bringing together expertise from multiple disciplines. Key collaborators include Renan de Carvalho, Assistant ⁤Professor in⁢ the Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Andrew Ward,⁣ professor in the Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology; ⁣and Darrell Irvine, Professor and Vice Chair ‍of the Department of Immunology and⁢ Microbiology.

⁣ “We’ve learned how to generate strong initial ⁤immune responses in ‍patients,​ but we haven’t cracked the code for making them durable enough to treat HIV. This project⁣ is about identifying the specific recipe-the ⁤right ingredients, the right amounts, the right timing-that creates protection lasting ​years or decades rather than⁢ months.”

– ⁤Bryan Briney, Associate Professor, Department of Immunology and​ microbiology, Scripps Research ‍Institute

Following ‌the Immune Response: A Novel ‌Approach

⁤ A central component of ⁣this research ‍involves utilizing a novel mouse model developed in Renan de carvalho’s⁢ lab. This‌ model allows⁤ scientists to “tag” immune cells as they ‌respond to ⁣a​ vaccine, ⁤enabling them to track the cells’ behaviour and lifespan ​over extended periods. the research focuses on understanding why some vaccine-activated cells⁢ quickly diminish, while others differentiate into ​long-lived ⁣plasma cells (LLPCs). LLPCs are essential for sustained antibody production and long-term protection against viruses.
⁣

⁤ ​ “We can now timestamp⁣ these cells with unbelievable precision, knowing…
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Understanding⁤ Long-Lived plasma Cells (LLPCs)

Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) are a critical component of durable immunity.​ These specialized cells reside in bone marrow and continuously produce antibodies, providing long-term protection against pathogens. The Scripps research ⁢team aims‌ to identify the factors that promote the development and maintainance of LLPCs in response to⁤ an HIV vaccine.This includes ⁤investigating‍ the specific signals and interactions that‌ drive the differentiation of short-lived plasma cells ‌into llpcs.
⁤

key Factors Influencing LLPC Development

  • Antigen Presentation: How ‌the vaccine antigen is presented to the immune ​system influences the type ‍of immune response generated.
  • T Cell Help: LLPC development requires assistance from T follicular helper cells.
  • Cytokine Signals: Specific cytokines (signaling molecules) play a crucial role in promoting LLPC survival and
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