FOREIGN POLICY RETHOUGHT
Thailand is poised for a significant shift in its approach to foreign policy, moving towards a more proactive and central role in government decision-making. This change in perspective is gaining traction across the political spectrum, fueled by a growing recognition that the nation’s stability and prosperity are increasingly intertwined with global events.
Thai Foreign Minister Sihasak Phuangketkeow, speaking in a CNA interview last November, expressed concern that foreign policy has historically been treated as a secondary issue within Thai politics. “We have to realise that more and more, our peace, stability and prosperity are very much intertwined with what’s happening outside the country, in our external environment,” he said. “So I hope that the public would realise that foreign policy is very important to their lives, and foreign policy must be at the core of overall government policy.”
Sihasak’s call for greater emphasis on foreign policy comes as he has been nominated as the ruling Bhumjaithai Party’s second prime ministerial candidate for the upcoming election, positioned behind party leader and current Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul. This placement underscores the party’s commitment to elevating the importance of diplomatic engagement.
The shift towards a more proactive foreign policy is occurring against a backdrop of a fragmented world, as highlighted by the theme of the 2023 Meeting of Thai Ambassadors and Consuls-General: “Proactive Diplomacy in a Fragmented World.” According to a report from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the meeting, held between and , 2023, aimed to inform ambassadors and consuls-general of the new government’s foreign policy direction, facilitate discussions with stakeholders, and provide guidance on key government policies.
Thailand’s foreign policy priorities, as outlined by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Parnpree Bahiddha-Nukara, focus on four key areas. First, strengthening relationships with neighboring countries through enhanced connectivity to boost cross-border trade and people-to-people exchanges. Second, maintaining the unity and centrality of ASEAN and supporting regional integration. Third, cultivating balanced and friendly relations with major global powers, while clearly articulating Thailand’s positions on key issues based on national interests. And finally, engaging in multilateral diplomacy to uphold international principles and contribute to shaping global norms.
The emphasis on proactive diplomacy also extends to specific policy areas, including soft power, the “Landbridge” project, carbon neutrality, energy security, and the digital economy. These initiatives are seen as crucial for enhancing Thailand’s standing on the international stage and addressing emerging global challenges.
Recent surveys indicate public support for a more engaged foreign policy. A survey by the Asia Foundation, released in 2024, found that most Thais believe their nation should increase international cooperation and play a more active role in addressing global issues. The survey, conducted between and 2023, revealed that economic growth and national security are the highest priorities for Thai foreign policy, followed by concerns about air quality and haze.
While the survey showed a slight division in the overall direction of the country, with roughly half of urban Thais believing it is headed in the wrong direction, a strong majority – four out of five – believe Southeast Asia as a whole is progressing positively. An overwhelming 97% of respondents view ASEAN membership as beneficial for Thailand.
The growing recognition of the importance of foreign policy comes after a period where it was not a central focus of government. A report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) noted that under the previous administration, foreign policy was not prioritized, suggesting a potential for significant change depending on the outcome of recent elections.
The move towards a more proactive foreign policy reflects a broader understanding that Thailand’s future is inextricably linked to the international community. As Minister Sihasak emphasized, foreign policy is no longer a niche issue but a fundamental component of national well-being, requiring a central place in overall government strategy.
