Thailand is reinforcing its preparedness for a potential outbreak of Nipah virus, following confirmed cases and quarantines in West Bengal, India. While no domestic infections have been reported within Thailand, health authorities are implementing heightened surveillance and screening measures to protect public health. The proactive steps underscore the seriousness of the virus, which carries a high fatality rate and currently lacks a specific vaccine or antiviral treatment.
The Department of Disease Control (DDC) and the Ministry of Public Health announced the enhanced measures on . These efforts are being coordinated under the “One Health” framework, integrating both animal and human health monitoring to prevent potential cross-border transmission. This approach recognizes that Nipah virus is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can spread between animals and humans.
Beginning in late January, health screening protocols were instituted at Thailand’s major international airports – Suvarnabhumi and Don Mueang in Bangkok, and Phuket International Airport. These screenings target passengers arriving from West Bengal and other areas deemed at risk. The protocols utilize systems developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, including temperature checks, travel history inquiries, and the distribution of health advisory materials. Airport authorities have also increased terminal sanitation and are prepared to implement further diagnostic testing if suspected cases arise.
“Even though Thailand has not reported any cases of Nipah virus, the current focus is preventive surveillance rather than reactive containment,” stated Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures. Health officials are urging the public to maintain standard hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with potentially sick individuals, while continuing their daily activities.
The DDC has assigned the Epidemiology Division, which serves as Thailand’s International Health Regulations National Focal Point (IHR-NFP), to closely coordinate with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other relevant agencies. This collaboration aims to monitor the evolving situation, assess risks, and ensure Thailand’s surveillance systems are fully prepared. A table-top exercise was conducted on , to test the readiness of the DDC and its network of partners, reviewing procedures and identifying areas for improvement.
Dr. Montien Kanasawat, Director-General of the Department of Disease Control, reported that as of , India had confirmed a total of five cases of Nipah virus, an increase from the previously reported two. Indian authorities are actively implementing disease control measures, including quarantining and monitoring over 180 close contacts in West Bengal and intensifying surveillance efforts in the affected region.
Dr. Direk Khampaen, Deputy Director-General of the Department of Disease Control, underscored the importance of continuous preparedness exercises, even in the absence of local cases. He stated that these drills are crucial for preventing and mitigating potential impacts, enabling a swift and effective response, and building confidence in Thailand’s public health system.
Nipah virus is a highly severe zoonotic disease that can cause neurological symptoms and carries a relatively high fatality rate, estimated between 40 and 70 percent – significantly higher than that of COVID-19. Initial symptoms often resemble influenza, including fever, headache, muscle aches, and sore throat. However, severe cases can progress to acute encephalitis, loss of coordination, drowsiness, or pneumonia leading to respiratory failure.
Currently, there is no approved vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for Nipah virus infection. The Ministry of Public Health is focusing on strict preventive measures. These include enhanced screening of travelers arriving from West Bengal, distribution of Health Beware Cards providing information about the virus, and advising travelers to seek immediate medical attention if they develop symptoms within 21 days of arrival. Isolation rooms and referral systems are in place for suspected cases.
The Ministry of Public Health has also issued guidance for Thai nationals traveling to affected areas, advising them to avoid contact with animals, particularly bats, pigs, and other wildlife. Fruit bats are known to be the primary reservoir for the virus.
The Ministry of Public Health has confirmed that the Nipah virus situation does not currently constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. However, the ongoing surveillance and preparedness efforts demonstrate a commitment to protecting the health of the Thai population. The DDC affirms that Thailand possesses a robust surveillance system and emergency response mechanisms, and is actively collaborating with all relevant sectors to ensure the highest level of public health protection.
