The Growing Importance of Local Diplomacy: How Korea Balances National and Local Roles to Advance National Interest and Global Standing

Local governments in South Korea are playing an increasingly significant role in international affairs as the country embraces a decentralized approach to diplomacy. This shift, referred to as “local diplomacy,” allows cities, provinces, and municipalities to engage in international cooperation despite lacking the authority to sign treaties or establish embassies.

As of 2023, South Korean cities and municipalities have established sister or partner city relationships with over 1,400 cities across 91 countries. These grassroots connections complement national diplomacy by enabling more flexible and innovative forms of international engagement, particularly in addressing transnational challenges such as climate change, public health, and cultural exchange.

Unlike the central government, which must carefully navigate national security risks and geopolitical sensitivities, local governments can pursue international partnerships with greater agility. This allows them to support national diplomatic efforts while strengthening global ties through direct people-to-people exchanges and subnational collaboration.

Experts note that this trend reflects a broader transformation in how South Korea conducts foreign policy, where traditional state-centric models are being supplemented by multilateral and network-based approaches. Participation in international city networks has enabled local governments to contribute to collective solutions for non-traditional security threats and sustainable development goals.

The growing importance of local diplomacy was highlighted at the Korea Local Diplomacy Forum held at the International Convention Center in Jeju, where officials including provincial governors, ministers, and representatives from national associations discussed strategies to enhance subnational exchanges and improve governance systems for international engagement.

By leveraging their proximity to communities and capacity for localized innovation, South Korean local governments are emerging as vital actors in the country’s diplomatic landscape. Their efforts not only support national interests but also promote South Korea’s image as a responsible and engaged member of the international community through decentralized, people-centered cooperation.