Understanding PCOS: Symptoms, Treatment, and Side Effects

A study reported on April 4, 2026, has found that intermittent fasting positively affects female hormones in individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

PCOS is a common hormonal imbalance that affects the ovaries and impacts as many as 18% of all childbearing-age women.

Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The condition occurs when the body produces excess amounts of androgens, which are hormones typically found in higher levels in men. Testosterone is the chief androgen involved in this imbalance.

When the ovaries create these unusually high levels of androgens, reproductive hormones become imbalanced. This disruption can lead to unpredictable ovulation and irregular menstrual cycles, including missed periods.

In some cases, the lack of ovulation, known as anovulation, results in the development of small follicle cysts. These are fluid-filled sacs containing immature eggs that may be visible on an ultrasound.

Medical professionals note that despite the name polycystic, a person does not need to have cysts on their ovaries to be diagnosed with PCOS. These ovarian cysts are generally not painful or dangerous.

Physical Symptoms and Health Risks

The hormonal imbalance associated with PCOS manifests through several physical side effects. These include:

• Acne and excess hair growth, including facial hair
• Weight gain and obesity
• Irregular menstrual periods
• Infertility

Beyond reproductive and cosmetic concerns, PCOS is linked to broader systemic health issues. People with the condition may face a higher risk of developing high blood pressure and diabetes.

Current Treatment Approaches

Management of PCOS often depends on the specific goals of the patient, such as whether they wish to become pregnant.

Hormonal birth control is typically utilized as the first line of treatment. However, this approach may lead to various negative side effects.

Krista Varady, a professor of nutrition at UIC, has noted that birth control can impact a patient’s metabolism, libido, and mood.

Varady indicated that some people may experience an increased risk of stroke when using these hormonal treatments.