Uremic Frost: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
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MPox Vaccine Shows Durable Protection, But Booster Needed for Optimal Immunity
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The mpox outbreak of 2022-2023 prompted a rapid response involving the JYNNEOS vaccine. Initial data suggested strong protection, but questions remained about the durability of that immunity.New research, published October 2, 2025, provides critical insights into how long the vaccine’s effects last and the potential need for booster doses.
Understanding the Study findings
Researchers analyzed data from a large cohort of over 30,000 individuals across the United States. The study focused on individuals who received at least one dose of the JYNNEOS vaccine during the 2022-2023 outbreak. The primary outcome measured was the incidence of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases.
The results showed a meaningful decline in mpox cases among vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals. Importantly,the study revealed that vaccine effectiveness remained high – approximately 70% – for at least 12 months after the final dose. Though, protection began to wane after that period, dropping to around 50% after 18 months.
This waning immunity is not unexpected with many viral vaccines. The body’s immune response naturally diminishes over time, requiring booster doses to restore optimal protection.
Who is affected and Why?
The findings have implications for individuals at higher risk of mpox infection, including men who have sex with men, especially those with multiple sexual partners. The initial outbreak disproportionately affected this population, and maintaining high levels of immunity within this group is crucial for preventing future outbreaks.
Beyond those at highest risk, the study underscores the importance of vaccination for anyone possibly exposed to the virus. While the outbreak has subsided, mpox remains a public health concern, and continued vigilance is necessary.
The decline in vaccine effectiveness after 18 months suggests that individuals who received their initial vaccination series in mid-2022 might potentially be due for a booster dose by late 2024 or early 2025.
Timeline of the Mpox Outbreak and Vaccine Response
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| May 2022 | First confirmed cases of mpox reported outside of endemic regions. |
| July 2022 | World Health Organization declares mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. |
| August 2022 | U.S. Food and Drug Administration issues Emergency Use Authorization for the JYNNEOS vaccine. |
| September 2023 | Mpox cases begin to decline significantly following widespread vaccination efforts. |
| october 2,2025 | New England Journal of Medicine publishes study on JYNNEOS vaccine effectiveness. |