Usutu Virus in Scotland: Bird Deaths & Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk

The Usutu virus, a mosquito-borne disease related to West Nile, Yellow Fever, and Dengue, has been detected in blackbirds in Scotland for the first time, according to the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA). The discovery, made through the APHA’s national wild avian surveillance program, signals an increased risk of mosquito-borne viruses in northern countries, experts say.

The virus was identified in blackbirds found dead in Arran, North Ayrshire, last summer. While Usutu virus has been circulating in southeast England for six years, this marks its first confirmed presence in Scotland. According to the BBC, the blackbird is particularly susceptible to the virus.

What is Usutu Virus?

Usutu virus (USUV) is transmitted by mosquitoes, with wild birds serving as the primary carriers. It belongs to the same family of viruses as Dengue, Yellow Fever, and West Nile virus. The APHA notes that the virus has caused significant declines in blackbird populations in several European countries, including the UK.

Despite the detection in Scotland, the risk to public health remains very low. To date, there have been no reported human cases of Usutu virus in the UK. The virus rarely causes symptomatic disease in humans, according to APHA.

Expert Concerns and Surveillance Efforts

“The detection of Usutu virus in Blackbirds in Scotland shows that countries further North are now facing an increased risk of mosquito-borne viruses.”

Andra-Maria Ionescu, APHA National Reference Lab for Vector Borne Diseases manager

Andra-Maria Ionescu of the APHA emphasized the importance of improved nationwide surveillance of both wild birds and mosquitoes to better assess the risks to animal and human health. The APHA is continuing to lead efforts in combating the disease.

“Mosquito-borne diseases are increasingly likely to get a foothold in the UK, including in Scotland, as our environment continues to change.”

Professor Heather Ferguson, Mosquito Scotland project lead at the University of Glasgow

Professor Heather Ferguson, leading the Mosquito Scotland project at the University of Glasgow, highlighted the growing likelihood of mosquito-borne diseases establishing themselves in the UK due to environmental changes. The detection of Usutu virus in Scotland coincides with the ongoing Mosquito Scotland project, which aims to boost preparedness for detection and response.

What to Do If You Find a Sick or Dead Bird

Residents in Scotland, particularly those in areas where unusual neurological behavior or deaths of blackbirds are observed, are encouraged to report findings to relevant authorities. The British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) is collaborating with the Mosquito Scotland project to closely monitor the spread of the virus.

While the virus poses a low risk to humans, increased surveillance is crucial for understanding its spread and potential impact on both bird populations and public health. The Daily Record reports that people with blackbirds in their gardens are being urged to take action to help with monitoring efforts.

The APHA’s surveillance was conducted in collaboration with SRUC Veterinary Services and the Mosquito Scotland research program. This collaborative approach underscores the importance of coordinated efforts in addressing emerging vector-borne diseases.

The detection of Usutu virus in Scotland serves as a reminder of the evolving landscape of infectious diseases and the need for ongoing vigilance and research to protect both animal and human health.