Volcanoes of Guatemala and Indonesia: A Guide
HereS a breakdown of the key information from the provided text about the Kīlauea eruption (Episode 31), organized for clarity:
Timeline of episode 31 (August 22-23):
August 22, 2:04 p.m. HST: episode 31 begins with increasing fountaining from the north vent. Deflationary tilt and increasing tremor are observed.
August 22, 2:18 p.m. HST: North vent transitions to an arcuate fountain ~100 ft (30m) high, feeding multiple lava streams. Steep deflation and high tremor.
August 22, 4-5 p.m.HST: Low spatter fountains begin feeding a small flow from the south vent.
August 22, 7:23 p.m. HST: A new intermediate vent opens between the north and south vents.
August 22, 8:30 a.m. – 11:45 a.m.HST: Continuous spattering in the north vent increases in intensity, leading to lava overflows.A cone builds inside the vent, partially sealing the old vent.
august 23, 12:40 a.m. HST: South vent stops erupting.
August 23, 2:46 a.m. HST: Intermediate vent stops erupting.
August 23, 2:52 a.m.HST: North vent stops erupting, marking the end of Episode 31 (after ~12.6 hours of continuous fountaining).Eruption Characteristics:
Vents Involved: North, South, and Intermediate vents.
fountain Heights:
North Vent: Up to 325 ft (100 m) for most of the episode.
South & Intermediate Vents: Generally less than 33 ft (10 m), but intermediate vent increased to 60-100 ft (20-30 m) in the evening of August 22.
lava Volume: Approximately 10,900,000 cubic yards (8,400,000 cubic meters) erupted.
Eruption Rate: Average of 240 cubic yards per second (185 cubic meters per second).
lava Flow Coverage: Covered more than 75% of the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu within Kaluapele caldera. Slow movement/incandescence expected as lava cools.
Other Information:
Episode Number: This was the 31st eruption episode since december of the previous year.
wind Direction: Northeast at 15-20 mph (8 m/s), potentially carrying volcanic gas and material south and southwest. Past Episodes: Have produced fountains over 1000 ft (300 m) high and plumes up to 20,000 ft (6000 m).