Winter Smog Crisis: Unseen Pollution Strikes Northern India’s Air Quality

Toxic Air Pollution in Northern India

During winter, northern India experiences severe air pollution, affecting millions. Imran Ahmed Ali, a lawyer from Chandigarh, shared his struggles with the toxic air. He noted that pollution levels were more than fifteen times the safe limit set by the World Health Organization. He felt unwell, with symptoms including a dry cough and shortness of breath. After consulting a doctor, he learned that his health issues were due to pollution.

Chandigarh is among many cities in northern India grappling with hazardous air. According to IQAir, the Indo-Gangetic plains, which span northern and eastern India, are home to eight of the ten most polluted cities worldwide. The Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago stated that air pollution could reduce life expectancy in the region by over five years.

Despite the widespread impact, media attention is often focused on Delhi alone, as noted by Parthaa Bosu from the Environmental Defense Fund. While Delhi has implemented measures like driving restrictions and construction bans, similar actions are lacking in surrounding areas.

Air pollution stems from various sources in the Indo-Gangetic region, including construction, vehicle emissions, industrial discharges, and seasonal crop burning. The geography of the area exacerbates the issue. Cold air traps pollutants close to the ground in winter, making it difficult for them to disperse. The region is also shielded by mountains, lacking the strong winds needed to clear the air.

Health professionals warn about the serious risks of breathing polluted air. Patients report eye and throat irritation, and shortness of breath. Vulnerable groups, such as children and the elderly, face heightened risks. Aditi Garg from Meerut, near Delhi, expressed her frustrations about staying indoors due to the poor air quality.

Many daily wage workers, street vendors, and agricultural laborers in Uttar Pradesh lack the option to remain indoors. Mohammad Salim Siddiqui, a vendor in Kanpur, stated that two of his family members suffer from respiratory issues caused by pollution.

Efforts to tackle air pollution exist but require stronger action and coordination among local and state governments. The lack of meaningful conversation about air quality persists, and many individuals have accepted poor air quality as a part of life. As Imran Ahmed Ali noted, discussions arise each year during peak pollution but quickly fade from memory.