Belgian workers face potential pension reductions as recent reforms target benefits accrued during periods of unemployment or participation in “bridge pension” schemes, also known as “landingsbanen.” The changes, effective since late last week and formalized through a Royal Decree in September 2025, represent a significant shift in Belgium’s social security landscape and are already sparking concern among labor groups.
The core of the reform lies in a reduced pension accrual rate for individuals who are unemployed or utilizing early retirement pathways like the bridge pension. While the specifics of the reduction haven’t been universally quantified, reports suggest potential losses ranging into the hundreds of euros per month for affected families. This impacts anyone becoming unemployed or opting for early retirement via unemployment benefits (SWT) after .
The bridge pension, officially termed “unemployment with company allowance,” has historically allowed employees meeting specific age and career requirements to receive unemployment benefits and a company-funded allowance until reaching standard retirement age. This system wasn’t legally considered retirement but rather a transitional phase. Over the years, the government has incrementally increased the age and career length prerequisites for accessing the bridge pension. Recent changes, implemented via collective bargaining agreement n° 165 in , allow access from age 58 under certain conditions, but the broader trend is towards tightening eligibility.
The most recent overhaul, enacted through the Royal Decree of , largely abolished the bridge pension for new entrants and removed exemptions related to job market availability. Previously, individuals under the bridge pension regime weren’t always required to actively seek employment or accept job offers from the unemployment administration. This exemption has now been rescinded, with transition measures in place for those already receiving benefits or in the process of qualifying.
The changes are not limited to the bridge pension. The reforms also address what are known as “gelijkgestelde periodes” – periods of equivalent status – which include time spent unemployed or in a landing job. These periods previously contributed fully to pension accrual. The new rules reduce the pension benefits earned during these times, impacting a substantial portion of the Belgian workforce. Estimates suggest that approximately 30 percent of pensioners could be affected by this change.
The government’s rationale for these reforms centers on fiscal sustainability and incentivizing workforce participation. Belgium, like many European nations, faces demographic challenges with an aging population and increasing pressure on pension systems. Reducing pension accrual during periods of unemployment is intended to encourage individuals to re-enter the labor market and contribute to the economy.
However, the reforms have drawn criticism from labor unions and opposition parties. The Vooruit party, for example, is advocating for an exemption for individuals utilizing “landingsbanen” – a type of bridge pension designed to help older workers transition into retirement. Concerns are being raised about the potential financial hardship for those who relied on the previous pension rules and the impact on household incomes.
The Gezinsbond, a Belgian family association, has warned of the significant impact the new measures will have on families, potentially leading to substantial pension losses. The organization is urging policymakers to reconsider the changes or provide mitigating measures to protect vulnerable households.
The tightening of the bridge pension regime has been a gradual process. The general rule previously stipulated that access required an age of at least 62 and a professional career of 40 years. Exceptions existed for those aged 60 with a 33-year career, particularly those with significant night shift work. These exceptions have been narrowed, further restricting access to the program.
The implications of these changes extend beyond individual pensioners. The reduced pension accrual could also impact consumer spending and economic growth. As individuals anticipate lower future benefits, they may be inclined to save more and spend less, potentially dampening economic activity. The long-term effects of the reforms will depend on the extent to which individuals are able to find alternative employment and the overall health of the Belgian economy.
The government’s move represents a broader trend in Europe towards pension reforms aimed at ensuring the long-term sustainability of social security systems. Many countries are grappling with similar demographic challenges and are exploring options to increase retirement ages, reduce benefit levels, and encourage longer working lives. Belgium’s reforms, while controversial, are likely to serve as a case study for other nations facing similar pressures.
