john Burn-Murdoch - Sarah O’Connor
given the deluge of new data and analysis, it is notable to ask the following question: how confident are we that artificial intelligence is to blame for the decline in job opportunities for beginners?
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Though, it increasingly appears that labor market performance in recent years is best explained
The Isaac Asimov Foundation Series and its Influence
Table of Contents
The Isaac Asimov foundation series, and particularly its depiction of psychohistory – a fictional science predicting the future of large populations – has sparked considerable debate and inspired numerous works of science fiction. Recent discussions center on the series’ potential relevance to contemporary social and political trends, and its enduring impact on technological forecasting.
Psychohistory: A Fictional science
Psychohistory, as conceived by Asimov, is a statistical science capable of predicting the broad sweep of future events concerning large populations. It operates on the principle that while individual actions are unpredictable, the collective behavior of sufficiently large groups can be modeled and forecast with accuracy. Asimov first introduced the concept in his 1951 short story “Foundation.”
The core idea is that by applying mathematical and statistical methods to ancient data and sociological factors, one can anticipate the rise and fall of empires, the outbreak of wars, and other large-scale societal shifts. Though, psychohistory is not foolproof; it is indeed susceptible to disruption by unforeseen individual actions or “wild cards” that fall outside the scope of its calculations.
Example: In the Foundation series,Hari Seldon,the creator of psychohistory,uses it to predict the imminent collapse of the Galactic Empire and establishes two Foundations to shorten the ensuing dark age from 30,000 years to just one thousand.
Contemporary Relevance and Technological Forecasting
While psychohistory remains firmly in the realm of science fiction, the underlying principles have resonated with researchers in fields like data science, social simulation, and complex systems analysis.The idea of using data to predict societal trends is increasingly prevalent, though current methods fall far short of the predictive power of Asimov’s psychohistory.
Several organizations and researchers are attempting to apply data-driven approaches to forecasting political instability, economic crises, and even social unrest. These efforts often involve analyzing vast datasets from sources like social media, news reports, and economic indicators. Though, the inherent complexity of human behavior and the limitations of available data pose significant challenges.
Example: The Good Judgment project, funded by the Intelligence Advanced research projects Activity (IARPA), used prediction markets and aggregated forecasts from a large group of individuals to predict geopolitical events with greater accuracy than conventional intelligence analysis. IARPA Good Judgment Project
The ”Second Foundation” and Concerns about Control
A key element of the Foundation series is the existence of a “Second Foundation,” a secret association dedicated to refining and protecting psychohistory. This raises ethical concerns about the potential for manipulating society based on predictive models. The series explores the dangers of centralized control and the importance of preserving individual freedom, even in the face of seemingly unavoidable historical forces.
The concept of a hidden group wielding the power to shape the future has resonated with critics who worry about the potential for algorithmic bias and the misuse of predictive technologies. Concerns have been raised about the use of data analytics in areas like law enforcement, credit scoring, and political campaigning, where biased algorithms could perpetuate existing inequalities or undermine democratic processes.
Example: The ongoing debate surrounding the use of predictive policing algorithms highlights the ethical challenges of using data to forecast criminal activity.electronic Frontier Foundation - Algorithmic Policing
