Brazil Launches Measles Vaccination Campaign Ahead of 2026 World Cup

Brazil’s Ministry of Health has launched a nationwide vaccination campaign against measles in anticipation of increased travel during the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The initiative aims to protect both Brazilian citizens and international visitors from potential outbreaks, particularly as vaccination rates have declined in recent years.

The campaign was announced on April 28, 2026, by the Ministry of Health, responding to concerns about the risk of measles transmission linked to the influx of travelers for the World Cup, which will be jointly hosted by the United States, Canada, and Mexico. According to reporting from Jornal de Brasília and VEJA, the Ministry of Health is prioritizing vaccination efforts to prevent the reintroduction and spread of the virus within Brazil.

Brazil had previously been recognized by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as having eliminated endemic measles circulation since 2024. However, the country has confirmed two imported cases of measles in 2026, prompting the renewed vaccination push. A second imported case was confirmed in São Paulo, as reported by Folha de S.Paulo.

Focus on High-Traffic Areas and Travelers

The vaccination strategy focuses on areas with high concentrations of people, including bus terminals, metro stations, shopping malls, and airports. Efforts are also being directed towards specific groups, such as public safety professionals, taxi drivers, and hotel workers, who are likely to interact with a large number of travelers. www.gov.br reports that the campaign includes a general population mobilization day scheduled for January 24th, in addition to targeted actions between January 19th and 23rd.

The Ministry of Health emphasizes that vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles. Eder Gatti, director of the National Immunization Program (PNI), stated, “Vaccination is the main tool for protection. By reinforcing actions in large urban centers, we can interrupt transmission chains and protect the population collectively.”

Global Concerns About Measles Resurgence

The concerns in Brazil reflect a broader global trend of rising measles cases. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported 1,243 confirmed measles cases across 15 countries in the Americas as of March 2026, a 310% increase compared to the same period in 2025. Measles is highly contagious, with an R0 of 12–18, meaning one infected person can infect up to 18 unvaccinated individuals in close proximity.

To achieve population immunity and prevent sustained transmission, approximately 95% of the population needs to be vaccinated against measles. Declining vaccination rates, driven by factors such as misinformation and logistical barriers, have left pockets of vulnerability, particularly among children aged 1–5 years.

The potential for increased transmission during large international events like the World Cup is a significant concern for public health officials. Over 1.4 million international visitors are expected to travel to the host countries, creating opportunities for the virus to spread among susceptible populations.

Manaus Prepares for World Cup Visitors

Beyond the national campaign, local authorities are also taking steps to prepare for the World Cup. The Municipal Health Secretariat of Manaus has issued an alert to travelers, urging them to ensure their vaccinations are up-to-date before arriving in the city, according to a report from the Prefeitura de Manaus.

The Ministry of Health’s campaign aims to bolster these local efforts and provide comprehensive protection against measles for both residents and visitors during the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The measles vaccine is recommended for individuals aged 12 months to 59 years, and the yellow fever vaccine is recommended for those aged 9 months to 59 years.