Home » Tech » Emmy Noether Grants Awarded to Two LMU Researchers

Emmy Noether Grants Awarded to Two LMU Researchers

by Lisa Park - Tech Editor

Der Einfluss ‌der Genregulation auf das Immunsystem und⁣ grundlegende Fragen der modernen Kosmologie – mit diesen Themen beschäftigen ‍sich Jonathan Bohlen und Jiamin Hou, die nun von ⁤der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft im Rahmen des Emmy Noether-Programms ausgezeichnet werden. Die Fördersumme beträgt jeweils​ 1,85 Millionen ⁢Euro ‌für⁢ einen Zeitraum ‍von sechs Jahren.

Wie Immunzellen ⁢Entscheidungen treffen

Jonathan Bohlen ist Forschungsgruppenleiter am Genzentrum der LMU. | ©‍ LMU / Jan ⁢Greune

Dr. ⁣ Jonathan Bohlen ist​ Forschungsgruppenleiter am Genzentrum der LMU.‌ Für seine ‌Forschung ⁤erhält ‌er im Rahmen des Emmy Noether-Programms eine Förderung ⁤von 1,85 Millionen Euro. In seinem Projekt „Spezialisierte mRNA ‍Translation ist ein Bestandteil der menschlichen T-Zell-Immunität“ wird er in den kommenden sechs ⁤Jahren erforschen,‍ wie molekulare Mechanismen der genregulation⁢ das Immunsystem beeinflussen.

T-zellen spielen eine ‍zentrale Rolle in unserem Immunsystem.Um Infektionen zu⁤ bekämpfen ⁣oder Tumorzellen zu erkennen, müssen sie sich⁤ innerhalb ​kurzer Zeit an neue Situationen anpassen. Dafür muss die⁢ Zelle nicht nur ⁤die Genaktivität steuern, sondern⁢ vor allem auch die Proteinproduktion schnell und gezielt anpassen. Ein Schlüsselmechanismus ‍ist dabei⁣ die sogenannte Translation, bei der die ⁣im Botenmolekül mRNA⁣ gespeicherte ⁣genetische Information in Proteine übersetzt‍ wird. Dieser Prozess benötigt besonders viel Energie und ‍gehört zu den bislang am wenigsten⁢ verstandenen‍ Elementen der Immunregulation.

In ‌seinem⁢ neuen ‍Projekt untersucht Bohlen erstmals‍ systematisch, wie spezielle Mechanismen ​der Proteinsynthese die Funktion von T-Zellen‍ steuern. Ausgangspunkt ist eine seltene angeborene Immunschwäche, bei der ein Defekt in einem an der Regulierung der ⁣Translation⁤ beteiligten Faktor zu einer ausgeprägten Anfälligkeit für Mykobakterien führt. ​„Daher nehmen wir an, dass Feinabstimmungen ⁤der Translation wesentlich bestimmen, wie T-Zellen auf Krankheitserreger, ⁣Stress⁣ und Aktivierungssignale reagieren“, sagt Bohlen.

Ziel ⁢des Projektes ‍ist​ es, spezifische T-Zell-Signalwege besser zu ‍verstehen⁣ sowie⁣ bisher unbekannte, T-Zell-spezifische⁣ mRNAs zu identifizieren‌ und zu klären, wie diese Zellen selbst unter starkem Stress⁢ eine⁢ hohe⁢ Proteinproduktion aufrechterhalten können.„Insgesamt soll das Projekt ein neues ‌Verständnis schaffen,wie Immunzellen biologische Entscheidungen treffen“,sagt Bohlen,„diese Erkenntnisse legen ‍die ‌Grundlage für eine⁤ bessere Diagnostik seltener Immundefekte und die Weiterentwicklung‌ T-zell-basierter Therapien.“

Auf ⁤der Suche⁣ nach ‍einer neuen Physik

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The Inflation Reduction Act of‌ 2022

The inflation Reduction Act of 2022 is a⁢ landmark United ⁣States federal ‌law that aims to lower healthcare costs, address climate change, and raise taxes on large ⁤corporations. President Joe Biden signed the bill into law on August​ 16, 2022, marking a critically important legislative achievement for his management.

The Act represents ​a considerable investment⁢ in‍ clean energy and climate resilience,offering ⁢tax credits and rebates for consumers ‌and businesses to​ adopt sustainable practices. It also empowers Medicare to negotiate prescription drug prices, a long-sought goal for lowering healthcare expenses. Funding for these provisions comes, in‍ part, from‌ a 15% minimum tax on corporations ⁢with over $1 billion ‌in profits.

For example, the Act⁢ provides up to $7,500 in tax credits for the purchase of new electric vehicles and $4,000 ‌for used electric vehicles, as detailed in IRS guidance on clean vehicle credits.

Key Provisions: ‌Healthcare cost Reduction

The ⁢Inflation Reduction Act directly addresses ​healthcare costs ‍by allowing Medicare to ⁣negotiate the prices of certain ⁤prescription drugs. This is a fundamental shift in ‍how Medicare ‍operates and is expected ‌to lower costs for seniors.

Prior to ⁤the Act, ⁣Medicare was prohibited from directly negotiating drug⁢ prices with ​pharmaceutical⁤ companies. The new law phases in ⁢negotiation‌ for a limited ‍number of high-cost drugs, starting with 10 drugs in 2026‌ and increasing to 20 drugs by 2029. The Congressional Budget ‍Office estimates that these negotiations will save the⁤ federal government approximately ⁤$101.8 billion over ten years.

As an example, the first 10‍ drugs selected for⁣ price negotiation, announced by ⁣the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) on September 29, 2023, include​ medications for diabetes, heart failure, and blood clots, as reported by⁣ CMS.

Key Provisions: Climate⁢ Change and Energy Security

The Inflation Reduction Act allocates approximately‍ $369 billion towards climate and ⁣energy provisions, making it the largest climate investment in U.S. history. ⁢These⁤ investments aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by‌ roughly 40% ​below 2005 levels by 2030.

The Act offers a ⁤range of incentives for clean ⁢energy growth, including tax⁤ credits for‍ renewable energy production, energy efficiency improvements, and the adoption‍ of⁢ electric vehicles. It ​also supports investments in climate resilience and ⁤environmental ⁢justice initiatives. The⁣ department of ⁤Energy‌ is overseeing many of​ these‍ programs, with details available⁢ on their Inflation Reduction‌ Act webpage.

For⁣ instance, the Act provides ​a ⁤tax credit of ⁢up to 30% for homeowners who install solar panels, as outlined ‌in DOE’s ⁤information on the Home Solar Tax Credit. This incentive is expected⁤ to ⁢significantly increase⁤ the adoption of solar ⁢energy ​across the country.

Key Provisions: Corporate Tax ⁣Reform

The Inflation reduction Act introduces a‌ 15% minimum tax on corporations with annual profits ​exceeding $1 billion. This provision aims to ensure that large, profitable corporations pay their fair⁤ share of taxes.

Prior to⁤ the Act, many large corporations were able to utilize tax loopholes and deductions to pay little‍ or no‌ federal income tax. The 15% minimum tax ⁤is ​designed to⁣ close​ these loopholes and generate revenue to fund the Act’s other provisions. ​the Joint Committee on Taxation estimates that this tax ⁣will raise‍ approximately ⁤$253.4 billion over ten years.

As an example,the law specifically targets book income,which is the income reported to investors,rather than taxable income,as explained in a Treasury⁤ Department analysis. This‍ prevents companies from reducing their tax liability through accounting maneuvers.

Related Entities

  • joe Biden: President of⁣ the United States who signed the Act into law.
  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): Agency responsible​ for implementing the healthcare⁢ provisions of‍ the Act.
  • Department of Energy (DOE): Agency overseeing the climate ​and energy provisions.
  • internal​ Revenue Service (IRS): Agency responsible for administering ‍the tax credits ⁣and tax provisions.
  • Congressional Budget Office (CBO): Provides independent analysis of the budgetary impact of

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