Fall-Applied Residuals Repel Resistant Italian Ryegrass

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Controlling Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass in Rice: Fall-Applied Herbicides Offer Effective Solution

A new study from the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) highlights the effectiveness of fall-applied residual herbicides in controlling glyphosate-resistant (GR) Italian ryegrass, a major challenge for rice production in Mississippi. This article breaks down the research, explains why this weed is so problematic, and outlines the best strategies for control.

At a Glance

The Problem: Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass

Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass is a particularly troublesome weed for rice farmers,especially in Mississippi. Its resistance to glyphosate, a commonly used herbicide, makes it difficult to control, leading to significant yield losses.

“GR Italian ryegrass is one of the most troublesome weeds for rice production in Mississippi,” explains Jason A. Bond, Extension/Research Professor at Mississippi State University’s Delta Research and extension Center, and a member-scientist of the WSSA. “The most effective and economical management strategy to control GR italian ryegrass is with preemergence (PRE) followed by postemergence (POST) herbicide programs.”

Research Findings: Fall Application is Key

Recent research published in the WSSA’s Weed Technology journal (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/weed-technology) demonstrates that fall-applied residual herbicides are a powerful tool in combating this resistant weed.

Researchers at Mississippi State University conducted two field studies (2021-2022 and 2022-2023) in Stoneville, Mississippi. These studies focused on:

* Herbicide Mixture Study: Evaluating GR italian ryegrass control with fall-applied residual herbicide mixtures.
* Sequential Herbicide Application Study: Testing sequential PRE followed by POST herbicide programs, including multiple applications of residual herbicides.

The results consistently showed that fall-applied residual herbicides, such as dimethenamid-P (the active ingredient in Outlook^®), provide excellent control of GR Italian ryegrass.

!Recent research at Mississippi State University indicates that fall-applied residual herbicides such as dimethenamid-P (an active ingredient in Outlook®) is an effective option to control glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass. Photo by jason Bond.
Recent research at Mississippi State University indicates that fall-applied residual herbicides such as dimethenamid-P (an active ingredient in Outlook^®) is an effective option to control glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass. Photo by Jason Bond.

Why Fall Application Works for Rice

Rice production in Mississippi typically requires herbicide application in the fall or early spring. This is because controlling weeds before seeding is critical for establishing a strong and healthy rice stand. Preplant herbicide applications (often called “burndown” applications) are usually timed for Febuary or March in mississippi.

Understanding Herbicide Strategies: PRE vs. POST

* Preemergence (PRE) Herbicides: Applied before the weed emerges from the soil. These herbicides create a barrier that prevents weed seedlings from establishing.
* Postemergence (POST) Herbicides: Applied after the weed has emerged. These herbicides target actively growing weeds.

The research emphasizes a combined approach: a PRE application followed by a POST application provides the most comprehensive control. Using residual herbicides in both stages extends the period of weed control.

What This Means for Rice Farmers

| Strategy | Timing | Herbicide